National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius Essay

Life was distinguishable fanny in the 1880s. The call in had just been invented, James Garfield was president, and doctors used heroin and cocaine as medicine. Alas, umpteen doctors knew very little about medicine. Oftentimes unsafe and unsterile practices were used on patients. The NY Times reports that, At least a dozen medical experts probed the prexy Garfields wound, often with unsterilized metal instruments or bargon hands, as was common at the time.Historians agree that massive infection, which resulted from unsterile practices, contributed to Garfields death. One opus suggested that they turn the president upside down and see if the bullet would just fall out. Because of their usual lack of success, doctors did not charge very a great deal for their services it was very affordable most of the time, even for middle manakin families. However, as time and technology progressed, the cost of healthc be and medical instruments dramatically rose.In his New Deal package, Pr esident Roosevelt proposed a state-run healthc be carcass with compulsory health insurance for state residents, but states could choose whether to pcticipate. The federal official politics would can some subsidies and set minimum standards that the state had to pose by. While the proposal did not pass, the idea of universal healthcare reporting for everyone stuck. Since Roosevelt, every single Democratic President elected into office has seek to pass a magnetic declination of universal health care, but no(prenominal) wee-wee achieved the feat.That is, until President Obama was sworn into office in January 2009. In his 2008 presidential campaign, he made healthcare reform a central issue. twain parties adopted their version of reform, but since Democrats held a majority in the shack and the Senate at the time, their version was the one that passed. On marching music 23rd, 2010, President Obama subscribe into integrity the Patient Protection and cheap Care Act (dubbed by m any(prenominal) Re overtans as ObamaCare).According to the White House, it claims four key personas of the justice stronger consumer rights and protections (which includes a dispose on living limits, a ban on denying children health insurance based on pre-existing conditions, and a ban on coverage cancellations), more affordable coverage (Private insurers must provide justification for double-digit increases in premiums), better access to care (Preventative screenings for cancer are now free), and stronger Medicare (Provides relief to seniors who cannot afford prescription drugs).Since insurance companies are necessitate to provide care, it makes sense to misdirect insurance only when you need it. In other words, wait until you get sick to defile insurance, because they cannot turn you down. In order to combat this, the law includes an item-by-item mandate, which requires anyone that can afford it to buy health insurance, or pay a penalty to the IRS. In essence, this is the part of the law that pays for it all. This is also the section many Republicans hate. In their philosophy, the governing cannot labour someone to buy something they may or may not need.They argued that this law was un primitive, and they sued in federal chat up to have the law nullified. on that plosive consonant were tercet cases overall one from the states (Florida v. U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Svcs. ), one from the federal government (U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Svcs. v. Florida), and one from the National Federation of Independent moving in (Natl Fed. of Independent Bus. v. Sebelius). Due to conflicting rulings from the cast down hooks in different jurisdictions, the Supreme court decided to hear the case to settle the differences.From March 26th to March 28th, 2012, the Supreme Court perceive oral arguments from some(prenominal) sides. On the first day, the court heard argument over whether the measure Anti-Injunction Act passed into law in 1867 ba rred the Supreme Court from even making a decision in this case. The Tax Anti-Injunction Act says, No suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any revenue shall be maintained in any court by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed. Basically, it means that you cannot sue the government for a tax you believe is unfair, until you have already paid that tax.This was passed into law to prevent people from filing lawsuits against the government to avoid paying taxes. Potentially, this could mean that no one can take exception the constitutionality of the ACA (Affordable Care Act) until someone has actually paid the penalty. At the earliest, they could sue on April 15th, 2015. The Supreme Court held that since intercourse specifically labeled the consequences of the mandate as a penalty rather than a tax, the Anti-Injunction Act did not check to this case, and that the court had the authority to hear the argum ents. On the hour day, the court heard arguments over whether the ndividual mandate component of the ACA fell under the constitutional powers of Congress.There were two arguments from the Solicitor Generals side (the ones supporting the constitutionality of the ACA) the ACA was constitutional under the commerce clause, and that the ACA was constitutional under the taxing power of Congress. The states (the ones claiming the ACA is unconstitutional) argued that Congress could not create commerce for it to regulate, and that the law described the consequences of the mandate a penalty, therefore it is not a tax. On the third day, the court heard arguments on the severability of the law.They questioned whether the ACA could survive if the court struck down the individual mandate. In the end, in a 5-4 decision, the court upheld the individual mandate component of the ACA as a valid exercise of the taxing power of Congress. They reason that a financial penalty for not buying something con stituted a non-direct tax. Because it is a non-direct tax, it is not required to be apportioned among the several states. The justices that voted for the constitutionality of the law are the four liberal justices Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, and the conservative Chief justness tooshie Roberts.The justices that voted against the constitutionality of the law are the other four conservative justices Anthony Kennedy, Samuel Alito, Antonin Scalia, and Clarence Thomas. John Roberts was the key swing vote. When asked why he voted for a law he is personally against, Chief Justice John Roberts responded, The Framers created a Federal regimen of limited powers, and assigned to this Court the duty of enforcing those limits. The Court does so today. tho the Court does not express an opinion on the wisdom of the Affordable Care Act. Under the Constitution, that judgment is reserved to the people.In my opinion, I admire the decision of the Court. From th e beginning, I thought the penalty was a tax I assumed it was called a penalty for governmental purposes. People would not like the idea of a tax increase. In reality, the penalty is collected in the same manner as a tax, so there are no real differences between the two. I have also gained a newfound respect for Chief Justice John Roberts. I prize it is commendable to put the law in front of your personal beliefs. He has done exactly what is expected of a Supreme Court justice. If I were a Supreme Court justice, I would have made he same decision that he and the four liberal justices made.There are two types of consequences this law holds policy-making and provisional. The provisional consequences of the law are the ones now stated in the law a ban on lifetime limits, Medicaid expansion, etc. The political consequences of this law are not explicitly stated, that they can be inferred and speculated upon. There are three major political consequences. The first consequence is tha t Obama can claim a major victory. He can now say his law withstood a Supreme Court challenge and passed the constitutionality test.A defeat would have been bad for the administration and the campaign. Instead, he has a chance to re-energize his base and reinstate the flow of campaign cash. The second consequence is that now that the law is no longer a wakeless issue, it becomes a campaign issue. Both Obama and Romney must sell voters on Obamacare. The court ruling could have stir a shift in public opinion among independent voters, and both candidates must appeal to this shift. Obama exit asseverate this law was the right thing to do, while Romney provide propose a new healthcare reform bill.The third consequence is that the ruling will enrage Republicans and make them more eager to vote for Romney so he can extirpate the law. Voter turnout is expected to be lower than it was in 2008, and anything that can increase the turnout will be secure for Romney. This law and its subseq uent legal challenge have major political consequences. Whether you live in the 1880s or in the present day, chances are you will need health care at some point in your life. Ever since President Roosevelt proposed universal health care back in the 1930s, many politicians have tried to pass it into law.Until the ACA, it was considered politically unfeasible the idea just did not appeal to voters. The law has withstood a major legal challenge, and it will be up to Obama and Romney to convince independent voters that their version of healthcare reform is the best. If Obama wins the election, in 2014 everyone that can afford it must buy health insurance, whether they want to or not. If they dont, they will pay a tax equivalent to 1% of their income. If Romney wins the election, he will try to repeal the ACA and replace it with a reform package of his own. Only time will tell what will happen.

The First Samurai

Japan in the 10th century was experiencing change and disorder as its relatively unexampled central government sought techniques for a strong and enduring legacy. In this period lived a soldiery named Taira no Masakado. In dismantlets which argon swirled with mystery and legend, Masakado found himself in direct op business office with the government, even proclaiming the backup of the New Emperor. His legacy endures to this day and is a fundamental role in modern Japanese folklore.Was Masakado a product of his environment or a self- actuated rebel, examining this question is alpha in the discussions of the motivations behind his actions. Whether he should be viewed as a villain or a hero is to be considered by the reader. Taira no Masakado is both revered as a hero and accused of being a trader. When considering the beginning of Masakados conquests it is important to none that not much is kn proclaim of the exact motives of his first altercation with Minamoto Tasuku.All that is clear is that Minamoto sprang a surprise attack on Masakado as he ne bed the Hitachi region. wherefore was Masakado riding towards Hitachi with a group of armed men? Why did Minamoto attack Masakado? Both of these questions are vital in determining the existent nature of Masakado and would link to the motives of his actions from this battle to his demise. The lack of answers to these questions seriously hinders ones attempt at revealing Taira Masakado as a villain or hero. The events of Masakados insurrection seem to suggest that his actions were not confirm and that he knew this.After being attacked by Minamoto, Masakado went on a rampage contend many villages in southern Hitachi. Regardless of the dispute between the two, it is unbelievable that all of the victims of his attack were directly involved or deserving of murder. preceding these events, Masakado is summoned to Kyoto to argue his case against allegations brought by the Minamoto family. Masakado is quick to trav el to Kyoto to explain himself, then, when he arrives back in Shimosa he is attacked by Yokishane.Looking for payback from the attacks in Hitachi, Yokishane truculently seeks Masakado, even abducting his wife in the process. Having just been found exculpated in Kyoto for his attacks in Hitachi, would it not make sense for Masakado to bring accusations against Yokishane? Masakado does not seek government help in deterring Yokishane, this suggests that he knew he was in the wrong and was hesitant to return to Kyoto, mainly because he felt as if he got lucky at his previous hearing.Skipping to Masakados confrontation with Sadamori in Hitachi, as Masakado wins the battle, storming the provincial capital grounds in the process, one gets a sense of the sudden panic defining his proceeding actions. Masakado immediately flees nursing home to Shimosa. Once home, in an utterly confusing turn of events, Masakado heads out again, this period to conquer a handful of other eastern provinces. Instead of formerly addressing the rulers in Kyoto as the new emperor of the east or even as an adversary, Masakado writes a letter in an attempt to explain his actions and how they are justified.Using his olympian beard family ties, he tries to undermine the stories of his actions as propaganda from his opposers and claim that he form loyal to the government. This is the act of a desperate man a man who, maybe, has realized that he has made a grave mistake. Masakado wanted to intend that his conquests were justified, yet based on his actions it is apparent that he was not and knew it. not having a strong cause and knowing he made a mistake defines Masakado as a villain, not a hero.It is likely that Masakados position in society and experiences deluded him and was a contributing factor to his demise. In this time period of Japan, in an attempt to preserve the integrity of the lofty family, fourth generation members of the imperial family were removed from the bloodline by foc ussing of changing their family name. Taira was used in the renaming and is the surname of Masakado. This link to the imperial family would have affected Masakados view of himself in society. Being a known descendent, he would have felt a sense of entitlement that could bring on an egotistical mindset.The feeling of superiority would have amplified when his father used his lure to secure an internship in Kyoto with the government for his son. Expecting to obtain a full-time position in Kyoto, it would have been very disappointing to return home with no long term position or title. This event probably added to the aggressive nature of Masakado as an adult. Having been denied a chance to participate in the government, as he felt entitled to, Masakado from then on decides to take matters into his own hands working as if he holds the title which he never received.The sense of entitlement and his failure to succeed in Kyoto helped to define the character traits that motivate Masakado f or the rest of his life. Taira no Masakado remains an important component of contemporary Japanese folklore. Natural disasters, economic downturns, and other misfortunes are often attributed to clock when the shrine to Masakado is neglected. The fascination with this legend plays a taboo role in Japanese shade. The story reveals a man who is individualistic and bold in his opposition to authority.For a society which is group oriented and generally strangled for most of its history, Masakados legacy is intriguing and mysterious. Although interpretation of Masakado differs, his lack of a uniform cause and his hesitation suggests the actions of a villain. Feeling a sense of entitlement from his imperial ties and not being accepted into Kyotos bureaucracy were critical in his motivations. Leading the first recorded rebellion since the establishment of a interrelated government in Japan, Taira no Masakado has solidified himself into Japanese culture today.

Project/Portfolio Fact Pattern Handout

Facts itsy-bitsy Louie 1. Unemployed 2. Dates disturbed Wanda 3. Plans to rob a bevel with Billy Bad son and Vinnie Bagadonuts. 4. Knows a accelerator collector named metalworker 5. Breaks into Smiths admit 6. Breaks into the gun locker and steals couple of handguns, sawed-off shotgun, and automatic weapons. 7. Robs the bank 8. In a shootout with the armed guard a bank vote counter and natural law officer is shot. 9. Runs from the police officers. 10. Breaks into Smokeys house. Little Louie 1. Conspiracy Title 18, go 1, Ch, 19, 371 2. Burglary break an entering ORC, Title29, Ch 2911, 2911. 2 a) Breaking glass window into Smiths house 3. Second count of burglary guns ORC, Title29, Ch 2911, 2911. 12 a) Breaking into the gun case b) adage off shotgun c) Several hand guns d) Automatic weapons 4. Robbery bank Title18, Part 1, Ch 103, 2113 5. Murder of police officer Title18, Part 1, Ch 51, 1114 6. Murder of a bank teller Title 18, Part 1, Ch 51, 1 111 7. Fleeing and eluding police officer ORC, Title 29, Ch 2921, 2921. 331 Offense Charge with & Defense possibly for Little LouieLittle Louie is charged with conspiracy because he had talked planned with Billy Bad Boy and Vince Bagadonuts. Little Louie is charged with two counts of 5th degree felony burglary for in the Smiths home and take his guns. Little Louie is charge with two counts of world-class degree felony Aggavated Murder one of a police officer and the different is the bank teller. Little Louie is charged with one count of fleeing and eluding of a police officer. Little Louie claims that Vinnie Bagadonuts was the one that shot the officer and bank teller and that also he was the one that broke into the house, and that along with him.

Alibaba Business Model

Abstract Alibaba has experienced eight years of comprehensive nurture the establishment of a comical origin nonplus, and a new reading of e-commerce, launched a new Internet business model Alibaba model. This new meshwork business model non only for manufacturers to reduce production and trade costs, plainly also to Alibaba cleverly avoided beca exercise of distri saveion, logistics and inventory, such as forming a hinder for the continued development of e-commerce industry opens up New roads.Alibaba in however a few years to cause the myth that Alibaba model for a time and a lot of competitors to imitate the focus of attention. But Alibaba create a model is only a beginning, the Chinese e-commerce to go for their get development path, we must Alibaba model to analyze the advantages and disadvantages, so look for more(prenominal) market opportunities. More forebodingful analysis point of view Alibaba e-commerce model of the advantages and disadvantages of researchers and the need to establish e-commerce for SMEs to provide in fundamental law useful reference. Key row Alibaba E-commerce model Sales channel Advantages and DisadvantagesAlibabas supremacy has told us that the distance amidst dreams and ideals argon non far away, but it is non the pie f each(prenominal) from the sky, I lead a few Friends and colleagues of a site visit and iterate after the squad of research, we believe that Alibaba is the main success factors Dream Teams conspiracy of a slip away development strategy + execution + legal + unique corporate husbandry ? Now the results of our research and analysis to share with you, initiate, but also hope you criticism and valuable ad vice, and seek common A better futureAlibabas success has been close to myth, sluice though he claims are using international standards themselves, and Ali Baba, non the slightest satisfaction. Chinas Internet, the business less than 5 years of Alibaba, to brace the performance and impact of today, t here(predicate) must be worthy of him, digging Dig, and look for the profound connotation and unique savvys. Ali Baba in the success of many elements, we believe that interpretation of the dream team of Ali Baba, curiously worthy of focus.Too many entrepreneurs Persons, entrepreneurs locoweed not build a becoming team, leading to their cause bottlenecks the face of these bottlenecks in the case, although we Can visualize a very comprehensive theory of healing on the team, many habitat for Humanity in the discourse of scholars lamented wake up to reality, you can continue to learn Imitation learning the truth from getting close, but formerly things really imminent, most people are still at a loss without a tree, sighed with regret of the free Copies.Dream Team Alibaba inspiration to us, allows us to wake up and look at itself, the team face the problem, generate program ideas, from This need not find any reason to stand themselves, deceive themselves, so that is directed at the core of the problem and find solutions. Ali Baba tells us a prerequisite for establishing the team must have a clear strategy. An important strategy for an enterprisingness, no one has ever dared to be ignored. Establishment of an effective team must also be square-built clear strategy when As a prerequisite, it is meaningful.Ali Baba that there is no clear strategy, there is no clear direction, no clear direction of the company Team, at best, but mob. Taste of Tang Seng Alibaba advocate team, it is very insightful, have coarse been ridiculed look land The Simon did not know, the monk, in accordance with the laws of the strategical priority measure, actually turned into a very competent leader, and why? As Buddhist sutras, he Clear and committed to adhere to the direction.Learn the reason for the entire Journey to the westbound can be set up, Monkey, Pig, Shahe Shang bring up Cells was clear and became a valuable and complement each other trade right(a) te am complex body part. Strategy is both a prerequisite for the establishment of the team, but also the central figure on the team, the highest requirement standards. It is this point, when the company started vaulting horse Standing rhetoric cloud on the Great Wall, Ali Baba to do in China, the worlds best e-commerce sites began to form a team for this well-laid A solid foundation.That the strategic objectives of Alibaba, the strict planning of the long-term goals and short-term objectives and specific practical contend Surgery program. So, when Alibaba 1999 heat wave in the Internet and let an study from the Beijing and fade into the paradise of Hangzhou, the public No one left behind and more entrepreneurs. Many people whitethorn not care about this, because to set a strategic goal of rhetoric is long term and many people Strengths.However, because of this, Ma and Alibaba China Internet willing be the first to smell the smell of smoke in the bubble, and accordingly be carri ed out Acclaimed series of thin rectification movement, to the attendant to Alibaba in the winter of the Internet, maintain and enhance the teams strength, as The rise followed lay a solid foundation. Ali Baba tells us there is no effective execution of all non-existent death penalty is the unfeigned test of a team, of course, Measure of whether the marker of a team. Tang Seng, a team of intravenous feeding to Buddhist sutras, the definitely not get back, although four of them are present Mark clearly the strong.The team carefully explore the execution of Ali Baba, it is very surprising. The four O (CEO, Ma Yun, chief financial officer CFO Caichong Xin, Chief Technology incumbent CTO Wu Jiong, Chief Human Officer CPO related Ming-sheng) and the team, their strengths and Entirely contrastive characteristics, even in related fields are leading figures. These leading characters, explore their resumes to Found that they have a wealth of practical experience, has gradually large fr om zero career success of their growth, the maximum quantity body Is the performance of the charm and infixed.Strategic direction is clear, the implementation of actions towards the direction of interpretation. For many friends, the parties may take to talk Direction and strategy, often everyplacelooked and complicated implementation over time. On a team, the tireless performer is not necessarily an effective complementary Or the lack of scarce resources. Only the rich resources in this area and to join, be possible to show the strength of the team. Otherwise, whether or four monk Four Monkey King, the ultimate collapse of this team are very normal thing.Alibaba looked stunning the implementation details, whether every employee of a customer, whether products and run or staff Worker training programs, are kn throw down to the executable can be seen the point of evaluation feedback can be, with the vice president as saying Kim Hang built, some rules and regulations Implementatio n of appraisal criteria, did we all feel is not worth spending the time or costs, but the cost of all the important front in the implementation of all changes Was pale, but must yield.Ali Baba told us There is no business of their own culture do not form a good team always. As a team, agree on the strategy, as the reference of common mission, that is, the recognition of corporate culture. Without such recognition As a basis, the team only in the rain is blowing in a lax. refining involves many aspects of a business culture is very easy to use one or two sentences General, it is difficult to nuanced interpretation of the details of the enterprise and among all levels.Alibaba trough the Internet during the plan and only cholecalciferol kwai per person salary. Took only form of pay is vitamin D yuan, 500 yuan but take only group Team dispersed, the cultural identity, contains the expectations on the prospects for long-term interests of the immediate interests of the discarded, the confidence of the enterprise, drip Flow with the said(prenominal) entrepreneurial spirit and blood. Without this cultural identity, not only unable to retain 500 per person Alibaba team, Ariba Barry worth of any person simply can not use the 500 exhibits.Very dramatically, not only to retain the original 500 venture group Team, but also attracted millions of dollars in salary as investors appeared Caichong Xin, this sounds like some mysterious circumstances in a true Ali Baba, Ali Baba visible cultural charm. Many enterprises create and can not bed the role of culture, or that are certainly important but can not find ways and means of how to form construction, or The formation of self-righteous to build, is only a hobby and create a person-to-person habit.To survive as a business development as mentioned above, going no Live talent, team morale and other phenomena, it will shape normal and can not stop. Culture is building software, invisible, Can not find what you want and ca n not copy the clone. Alibaba experience tells us that Create a culture, must have their first Culture. The culture here is not an ordinary sense of the culture, but have a profoundly understanding of the essence of the enterprise after the enterprise direction, mission, Team, a exceedingly recognized and a consensus interpretation.He formed the atmosphere can be felt, not explained, people moving, people march in a huge Tension, to suck up the spirit of a strong, peaceful, tolerant, generous but challenging, progressive and positive factors. Ali Baba tells us the only good team was excellent organisational structure may form the organizational structure and capacity and capability between the same teams In fact, the relationship is a mutually reinforcing one another indispensable and interdependent, the link is a healthy relationship.The operation of the enterprise, do not The available phase with the needs of different teams to work, only the peremptory best team, it may be in the enterprise through its continuous operations limiting at different stages of the mission capable. More teams will appear at different stages of the collapse of the different, the same as the pain can not be avoided. See fourth Internet Competition on the West Lake photos, almost all of the outstanding team of Internet companies have ceased to exist.Only Ariba Pakistan, five-spot down, as the original, the only change is more confident, more refined, and more mature. This seems to unwittingly Alibaba Completed masterpiece, really surprised us insight it is the team and organizational structure Alibaba interaction between, so that such a young cogency to organize a huge glow. A group of Internet enthusiasts that absolute idealism of action and color, not only create wealth god Words, and created a team of role models, creating a unique corporate culture, reating a large number of maverick darling of the new economy. Excellent organizational structure in the enterprise at d ifferent stages have different adjustments. The organizational capacity of the best from every employee who embodies, In the team gathered in the whole company broke out. Ali Baba said to help customers and colleagues success is the best embodiment of their own success. Blindly chase Find their own success and the team will not be good team, and last could not reach the other side of success.Alibaba ultimate understanding of the team, we call up There is no competent excellent team of key figures, it is unsufferable to form good team Without the excellent team, the company can not have good execution even execution are not the company, can not form a strong corporate culture , More can not form an effective organizational structure and organizational capacity. Inseparable link between this, which is full of inherent logic of the interdependence relations Department, both divisions of the importance of our team, but also tells us that, indeed, not every business or everyone can e asily have a superior form Show team.

Laozi and Dao Essay

1, Superficially understanding Laozis ideas, those who hunch over do non talk / those who talk do not tell apart (56), are a bit conventional during his period time. It seems like that sages should emphasize to go with the path of solitary, pretending to be ignorant and hide their talents to mollify out of troubles. But we should think much deeper because Laozis wisdom is passing profound that it is unenviable for us to understand it. I think that those who last do not talk/ those who talk do not live on means that sage does not need to show off their talents.In Laozi, if a person is true well-educated or intelligent, he himself will unify with what he learns and understands I mean that everything a sage does fanny show how wise he isa sage himself is wisdom itself. Laozi himself focuses much on how to live as an erudite person, act as an erudite person rather than talk as an erudite person. Related to Chinese tradition, Laozi prefers people who are humble and low-key but not showy and hard-edged. So, Laozi writes about Dao instead of talking it he believes that Dao itself is the truth which truly exists and does not need to be publicized by preaching.2Confucius ideas of Dao focus to a greater extent on ourselves, but Laozis Dao is more receptive, including the rules of everything in the universe. An educated human beings cannot but be resolute and broadminded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a pertinacious course. Is it not a heavy responsibility which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death? (The Analects).Confucius thinks that no matter how difficult it is, man can make their will the will of the universe if they set in the right ritual that is the reason why Chinese emperor Wu (one of the most ambitious and powerful emperors in Chinese history) of Han dynasty decides to confucianize the whole China. strange Confucius, Laozi thinks that Dao decides what is possible and what is im possible, maybe possible can become impossible, but it should follow the rules of Dao human being cannot force the impossible become possible. The biggest difference in the midst of Laozi and Confucius is that Confucius knows the past, now, but he does not know future, so everyone need to vie now for future Laoziknows past, now and future because he knows that everything follows the Dao so he prefers that everyone should enjoys now and does not worry about future because it has already been distinguishable by Dao.

The Ideals of Fdr

FDR The undischarged the Statesn President Jacob WagmanProfessor Christy ChapinHIST102Due 25OCT12 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is easily the ruff president of his era. He had the angiotensin-converting enzyme high hat approach to the economic lines and social problems that followed the economic problems of the time. Many commonwealth would say that he couldnt sterilize decisions for himself because of how he was eer changing his ideas moreover in truth, his plan was to do whatever it took to work and he was going to make something work. In case it was not known, FDR was a fighter. He never gave up on the USA or stepped down plain after being stricken by polio.A lot of his ideas came from his mas depotind arrogance which was comprised of many advisors of all different covering fire rounds and political beliefs. He was constantly keeping the American heap informed with the state of the government and frugality through a new invention popularly known as the radio. He would go egress of his bureau to care the verifys and would do anything to pellet the US out of the pit that vacuum-clean had dug and did nothing real to dig them out other than laying the foundation for FDR to bring America back from the brink of complete collapse.Using the foundation laid by Hoover many governing bodys, bes, and stock-still some Corporations were gear up in place and someplace wel make sensed and others werent, but FDR took all of the success and failures and made sure it worked out for the American people and the world when WWII came around. His external policy in WWII was very oft respected and still is at present because FDR would not let the crimes of others go unpunished. either in all everything FDR did was for the best of this country and the way he handled WWII both domestically and overseas.When FDR was elected into office he was left with quite a mess left by Herbert Hoover, but Hoover had left a very nice foundation to starting signal FDRs fa mous naked Deal. Programs during this time focused on trying very hard to help bring the US out of the Great Depression by running(a) on reform, recovery, and relief efforts. Many of the programs put together by FDR came from his brain trust which was FDRs circle of advisors which ranged from democrats to re semipublicans and even to progressives. This is why it put one acrossmed desire his ideals were ceaselessly changing because he was trying to here from verybody to foresee which would work best to pull the US out of the muck. He started with starting a bank holi mean solar day in which every bank in the US was force to close so that government officials could come into each of the banks and decide if the banks were suited to re-open for public use. In order to guarantee the bills people put into the bank for safe keeping, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created and this gained the publics usage of the banks again because they could not possibly los e their money because of a bank failing because the government backed up the money 100%.The Securities and Exchange Commission Act was also implemented to stick the stock market so that another stock market chisel in could be avoided. Many people disagreed with these economic policies but if they were viable they could see that these two government sectors are still in use today because of how effective they have been throughout the years. FDRs next goal was to depict jobs for all the people who were unemployed, which was about 25% of the entire population.Programs to fix this problem were such like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which hired fresh adults around 18 to plants tress and help the National Parks, the Public plant authorities (PWA), which contracted with private businesses to build roads, schools, hospitals, and other government-esc buildings, the Tennessee Valley way (TWA), which was set up to build dams along the Tennessee River, and the Works Progress judgeship (WPA), which was an administration that directly hired people and also white throttler workers such as teachers and nurses, and they also trained unskilled workers so they could behave specific tasks.Looking back nobody could even press with these programs because it provided thousands of jobs for the unemployed which did overmuch more(prenominal) good than bad. There was some controversy over the TWA forcing people out of their houses but it was for the good of the entire Tennessee River Valley so it was more necessary than anything. ,Many programs were welcomed with open arms like the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which tried to lower the foreclosure rate and made more long term mortgage loans that made owning a house more possible, but there were programs like the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which wanted to eliminate tilt so all businesses could thrive, but it ailed very oorly because the little businesses were still eaten alive by the bigger co mpanies, and another unpopular program was the Resettlement Administration (aka Federal Security Administration), tried to make farming more like the USSR in which farming was more collective and controlled by the government but the program was met by much resistance both from Farmers and the Chamber of Commerce. however if it had not been for these failure than FDR would not have been able to come up with the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), which was the government paying farmers not to produce so that the goods on the market could be purchased at a slightly higher price to attempt to stimulate the economy. At s destination-off the Supreme Court shot down the AAA, but it was subsequent brought back by relation in 1938 because it actually helped farmers and made them happy.During the start of WWII when it was strictly in Europe and China, the USA became extremely isolationist to the point where they even pulled out of Haiti and Nicaragua so that they were involved i n as little foreign conflict as possible. The USA even refused to sell weapons to Great Britain and France because they didnt want to risk getting pulled into another realness war again. charm the war kept going on the USA passed acts such as the Neutrality Acts which banned US citizens from traveling on ships from foreign nations that were in war with another country and they banned selling weapons to foreign nations.FDR pleaded with congress to allow the USA to at least attempt to assist the ally fighting in Europe because they were just that, the USAs allies. But congress kept turning down FDRs pleas for help until he managed to convert congress to allow for the first Military draft and for the US to start building and selling arms to the Allied powers. This was when FDR decided to run for a 3rd term which he won by a landslip because people saw how he had started to help the economy grow trash by bit. In 1941, FDR got the lend-lease act to be approved.The Lend-Lease Act mad e it possible for the US to fully help the Allies by giving them arms and munitions. In order to provide these items for the Allies more jobs had to be created to produce the weapons and so thousands of jobs were created which helped the economy out that much more. The Lend-Lease Act also stopped all trade with Japan in an attempt to discourage them from continuing the atrocities they were committing over in China. This unfortunately raise Japan into launching a preemptive strike on bone Harbor where over two hundred0 service men lost their lives and about 200 aircrafts were destroyed and 18 naval ships were lost.FDR immediately requested a resolving power of war in his famous address to congress in which he quoted the attack on Pearl Harbor as a day that will live in infamy. FDRs policy on isolationism and so all-out war is an extremely well thought out schema considering the position the US was in. He wanted to help GB and France urgently but Congress wouldnt help him at all . But he pushed and pushed till he finally succeeds and ultimately, helped the Allies push to victory and outstrip the close outstanding odds against them.Franklin Delano Roosevelt is not only one of the best Presidents the USA has ever had, but he also had some of the most ingenious ideals for how to fix the economic crisis the US has ever faced, and then later one of the worst crisis the world has ever faced in World War Two. His plans or creating jobs worked unlike those of Hoover, and even though some of his programs failed, he learned from the failures only to make the successful programs even more ministrant and long lasting for the US.To top his economic policies, his policies on World War Two were even better because he found a way to stay isolationist at the beginning where he could still make jobs by avoiding the war and then joining the war when it was absolutely life-and-death the US did, which ultimately ended up pulling the USA out of the Great Depression even if h e were not alive to see them win the war and there to see the Great Depression end due to all the good he did for the USA. Nobody can argue that his ideals and policies were anything shy of some of the best of any president.

Butterfly Ballot’s Case

In general, voting devices be used by the suffragers to record their choice of a leader. The voting devices are placed in a polling station so that the choosers arse jumble buoy lose the complete privacy for border his or her vote without both disturbance. Initially the vote papers were used by the voters during the elections that were conducted in capital of Italy 139 BC. On the other hand, in North the States the first clock these paper bal dozens were used in the elections of 1629. The elections were conducted in the Massachusetts Bay dependency in order to select a new minister for the capital of Oregon Church.A nonher get on for the elections was used, the secret voting. This method was first used in Australia in the aboriginal 1850s. The design of a ballot fag end assist or restrain precision in the elections. Poor or weak designs batch result in misunderstanding and a certain level of crazy house among the voting process in exercise a large quaintly of constit uency divisions messes up or mis fair game a ballot. During the United States Presidential elections in the course of study of 2000, another new approach known as the confusing ballot or the dally ballot was utilized (Marcia Lausen, 2007).Butterfly votes Before going into details of a squash ballot, it would be more appropriate to discuss introducely about bal much in common and particularly about the poke vizors. As discussed earlier, ballot is a device or may be a system which is used by the voters to cast their vote in the advance of a particular psyche in the elections. Mostly, people have been delivery into play paper ballots of a range of varieties for reasonably a persistent time. Somewhere in the mid of the twentieth century, the clout nail card ballots were invented.A punch card ballots registers applicants and publishes with subsequent figure of speeched symbols. With a use of a stylus, a sea dog is punched into the card all the way through the mark that is embedded on the card. This is how a punch card is used to cast a vote. A category of a punch card is known as the butterfly ballot. (Lausen, Marcia. 2007) The butterfly ballots are structured in a way that the candidates and the hacks are published on both of the sides of the card. In the middle of the card, thither is a single line which contains the numbered marks.In order to cast the vote, either of the corresponding mark of the candidate is punched. Now the issue with this kind of confusing design can be that in case if a voter is in a hurry or he is with a poor vision, the casted vote can be wasted or not counted due to some(prenominal) flaw in the punching. The subject of Butterfly ballot has been an intense issue is the historic few course of instructions. This intense issue similarlyk place back in the grade of 2000 in United States. The issue revolved around the elections that took place in Florida using the butterfly ballot.The main area of focus in this issue wa s the end that was determined using butterfly ballots i. e. the recent Presidential elections of that course of instruction along with the extensive accusations of mis tag secret ballots (Daniel H. Pink, 2006). Structure of a Butterfly Ballot The easy-known butterfly ballot from Florida marked two sheets of Presidential nominees. The overlord applicant on the initial page was Republican, and and then came in the Democratic, about important individuals to consider that the equivalent subsequent hole must be utilized to mark your ballot for the Democrat.In actual feature, the subsequent hole matched up to a better gathering applicant ( rap Buchanan), who escorted the listing on the avocation page of the secret ballot. As an end result, a lot of individuals selected and marked for the incorrect candidate by mis hold, or happening to punch and then comprehended their blunder, creating grounds for a dimpled vote or lynching chads which resulted in counting ballots easier said th an done, in view of the fact that the purpose of the person on the electoral roll was not comprehensible (Matthew Justin Streb, 2008). The Florida Controversyvirtuoso of the major primary focuses of the Florida controversy is the Palm brink Country. In 1996, during the calendar month of November, on 9th of the month, Thursday, a number of investigators from the camp of bush were of an impression that more or less a total of sixteen guanine (16,000) voters offensively and inappropriately casted their votes and punched their ballots. by and by on the ballots were declined and canceled by the district officials. Later on similarly in the year of 2000, a cypher estimation of about nineteen thousand (19,000) voters punched their votes in a wrong manner (Keith Lewis Topper, 2005).According to the camp of pubic hair, in that respect wasnt s single authority that could have challenged the elections and the kind of ballots that were used in the voting of 1996. Even the format of bal lots and elections of the year 2000 were not challenged by each official or any individual. They also claim that the self-governing commissioner subscribe off on the 2000 ballot. This practice is to some extent partially incorrect. A large quantity of electorates articulated their apprehensions with the ballot of the year 2000. pick bureaucrats in point of fact disseminated a word of warning soon after(prenominal) that in the day.If we go years back, almost to the 1980s, in 1984, a similar dispute was brought up. According to some federal review, the system was reported to be defective and damaged in 1988. Considering all these issues that happened in the past with regard as to the voting, on single question that still makes the nation think is that how is achievable for a huge amount of people, approximately 35,000, to make the same under-the-counter mis get under ones skin of casting unauthorized votes and are left without change surface by the check of an official. The un usual design of the butterfly ballot came in with a number of controversies.Characteristically, a particular side of a punch card ballot includes together the applicants and concerns to be designated on and the straight-from-the-shoulderings for punching. In the circumstances of the butterfly ballot, the contenders were stretched out transversely on two pages, and the openings for punching were concentreed in the center of the two page stretch. In speculation, arrows were theoretical to spot from each and every(prenominal) applicant to the equivalent opening which required being distinct, but meek misfortunes of wrong or missed registrations perhaps will reason the pointers to be not in proper alignment.This made the entire situation a challenging one in order to determine which the correct hole to be punched was. In Florida, butterfly ballots were not utilized from corner to corner of the state, and numerous detractors experientially said that they were exploited in conventio nally Democratic areas, debate the determination outcome to be twisted, as Democratic electorates were nominated for the Reform applicant to a certain extent than the Democrat they considered they were choosing for.In view of the fact that the outline of the butterfly ballot privileged the Republican contender for President, lots of citizens pointed the finger at State of Florida of challenging to manipulate the ballot votes consequences. Whether or not these allegations were accurate is still to be resolute, the skeleton has not been extensively employed ever since, as it was evidently too puzzle for supporters countless districts also changed to electronic selection equipment, moderately than punch card ballots (James T. craftyterson, 2005).The Consequences of the Butterfly Ballot Case In Palm Beach Florida a lot of Democrats protested concerning the butterfly ballot being unsuitable and puzzling they accumulated a lawful confrontation in opposition to the outcome of 2000 US Presidential voting. Several of the Democrats incorrectly designated for Reformist Pat Buchanan when they proposed to shoot for Democrat Al Gore because of the baffling drawing of the ballot document, lots of blemished the ballot paper even as properly casting their vote or exhausted their ballot.Democrats discovered out Gore set 6,607 ballots when electorates stroked other than one persons name on the countys butterfly ballot. Astonishingly there was a huge quantity of ballots in support of Reformist Pat Buchanan. One more portion of disapproval from the Democrats was the secret ballot was created by Theresa LePore, who was as well administering the voting for Palm Beach County. The arrangement was and employed in the Palm Beach percentage and merely for Election Day election for President (Allan J. Lichtman, 2008). A number of voters for Gore voted for Pat Buchanan.This error was one of the major reasons for the success of President pubic hair by just a small margin. Even tho ugh registering a number of cases against this ballot by the Al Gore camp, they lost all the trials and were not able to prove that the election was an il level-headed one. After all this the despotic Court sent out a numerous decisions saying that even if the election that took place was illegal, a new election cannot be proposed to take place in any case. This remark was given by considering the fact that there is no such rule or authority to any country to conduct one election after another.On the other hand, when this case was taken to the high court, an entirely opposite approach came in the view. This approach stated towards the case declining to remark on whether a revote may peradventure be prearranged for the presidential determinations releasing the case on the justifications that the butterfly ballot was in considerable fulfillment with Floridas Law. The superior obstacle tho complicated to conquer for the judges was that presently there was no obvious preparation acce ssible intended for such circumstances even though if it accomplished that the poll was the rationale for bewilderment among the constituency.As a result of the mistaken design of the butterfly ballot, it was impossible to decide that who actually won the elections of the year 2000. In order to open the Pandoras Box of election challenges there were reasons other than the unchangeable result of the elections that was caused by a impartial confusing design of a ballot paper. The other major reason to open the Box was that there was no dependable technique of shaping any rational time limit for deciding on Floridas member of the electorates the authentic intents of these supporters (J. David Woodard, 2006).Although the case of butterfly ballot was concluded without any do by to the camp of Gore, which indeed presented this case in a strict and legal manner. A certain amount of disappointment arose in the supporters of Gore, who went to the polling station with the purpose to vote Gore and then fell victim to a simple design fault. They all were disheartened for the reason that the votes that they casted for Gore were never fazed to be registered. All this disappointment has always been an emotional state for the stemma of Al Gore that in reality he really would have won the state of Florida.On the other hand the bushs following laid the blame on the Democrats of building political affairs elsewhere of election outcomes they didnt be fond of, cautioning the Democrats that if they required to turn over the early vote in Florida there were ample of new locations in the region of the nation now supporting Al Gore where parallel oppositions possibly will be elevated. Bushs camp was not swiftness up into objects as Al Gore camp supporters they would declare themselves the victors on the foundation of the repeated recount and remain waiting the countdown did not ended.Later on, the supporters of Bush as well go offd doubts about the self-styled butterfly ballot in Palm Beach County, in which applicants given name calling became visible on whichever area of the ballot vote sheet, with holes representing hold up for them successively down the middle. Bushs Camp stumbled off a listing of states and regions in the order of the country where they supposed consequences at present supporting Al Gore could still be terrified release to inquiry. The Bush camp talked about the sealed presidential outcomes in Iowa, Wisconsin and young Mexico.They as well said that truant votes still being calculated in a lot of divisions of the country could constrict the edge by which Al Gore is at present captivating the general current vote. The outline of the meeting by the Bush camp hoisted doubts of conflicts of abrasion in which the election procedure which was previously a cliffhanger with no convinced consequences could go on and on and weaken self-confidence in the entire progression. The youthful York Daily News gave a statement on November 1 that the B ush camp was building tactics to take control of the November 7th voting.Bushs assistants were organizing to commence an anti-constitutional attempt to knock over Al Gores conquest if Bush accomplished something in winning the accepted vote (Benjamin E. Griffith, 2008). Conclusion The cause there were 35,000 canceled ballets and not a particular check is that electorate were uninformed they had created a mistake As a number of citizens take part in an election merely one time every four years, the need of knowledge with the process work to add to the knock of mistake.The Supreme Court detained that the Florida Supreme Courts preparation for unfolding votes was illegal, as well as a 5-4 choice that ruined the Florida recount and permitted Florida to confirm its ballots. References Lausen, Marcia. 2007. form for Democracy Ballot and Election Design. Published by University of Chicago take Pink, Daniel H. 2006. A Whole New Mind Why Right-Brainers Will loom the Future. Published by Riverhead Books Streb, Matthew Justin. 2008. Rethinking American Electoral Democracy. Published by Taylor & Francis Topper, Keith Lewis. 2005.The deflect of Political Inquiry. Published by Harvard University Press Patterson, James T. 2005. Restless heavyweight The United States from Watergate To Bush V. Gore. Published by Oxford University Press US Lichtman, Allan J. 2008. The Keys to the clear House A Surefire Guide to Predicting the Next President. Published by Rowman & Littlefield Woodard, J. David. 2006. The America that Reagan Built. Published by Greenwood Publishing Group Griffith, Benjamin E. 2008. America Votes A Guide to Modern Election Law and Voting Rights. Published by American Bar Association

In Another Country Essay

War is the worst thing a public undersurface face. For me, war is always associated with sadness, qualifying, grief and peoples intrepidity. And tot all in ally these themes are brightly unfolded in the story In An new(prenominal) area by Ernest Hemingway, which is under consideration. Hemingway is an American author of the 20th century, who won the Nobel regard as in Literature in 1954. The ones of his famous works include The sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and The Sea. The popularity of Hemingways is ground on the themes, which are love, war, wilderness and loss, all of which are strongly unembellished in the body of work.The title of the story is puzzling, as it has two meanings manoeuvre and indirect one. At first glance, In Another Country, refers to the fact that the American narrator is indeed in a foreign land-Italy. But the other side of it is that the chief(prenominal) hero is culturally, emotionally in another country. He is at War, the country of the so-called sickness and injuring. Now let me evanesce you the brief reconstruction of the events. It was fall in Milan, a group of soldiers wound in World War I received treatment at a hospital.There, one of the main characters, the narrator of the story, wounded in his knee, aphorism three Italian soldiers, but felt a great wall between him and them, because he had received his medal for world an American, and they actually performed feats of courage to receive theirs. Another main character, the major(ip) with the wi on that pointd hand taught him Italian. champion day, the major became angry when Nick mentions about marriage, he burst out, because the majors wife had just died. The major could not resign himself to the loss of his wife.He was crushed, shattered by the news. While reading the story we can state several key-points, which help us to understand and analyze the context. And the main of them, to my mind are war and bra sincerely. First, let me dwell upon the bravery. The attitude towards bravery is contrasting in terms of the characters of the story. The personality of the narrator is described indirectly, by and through his thoughts . He wasnt a brave man during the war. I was very much afraid to die and wondering how I would be when I went back to the front again.As for the three soldiers, there was no notion of the bravery in the targets of any of these persons. The narrator calls them hunting mongers. They were hunting for medals, material values, given by the government, not for the faith. The attitude of the protagonist and the soldiers are also specific due to attitude towards the war, so was the major. We get to moderate intercourse from the story that they are Italian. They are very patriotic people, and their duty was to protect their country, as the war was on their territory.And the narrator was just an American, Let me advert I had been given the medals because I was an Americanbeing wounded, after all, was re ally an accident. He didnt understand why people die, what they fought for. The problem of the disordered generation arises here. The fact is that Americans were indifferent to the war. Their aim was just to participate and being wounded. As the result, the relationship between the narrator and the soldiers were specific. Let me quote I was a friend, but I was never really one of them they have done different things to get their medals, I wasnt a hawk.As for the major, he didnt believe in bravery at at. And Through his loss we understand that for the narrator the major was the bravest man of all, as he possessed a strong mind and tried to hump with his feelings like a brave soldier. We are to admit that the author uses different stylistic device, what makes the story more expressive, captivating and interesting to read. First of all it is the usage of foreign words, for instance Signor Maggiore, A basso gliufficiali , which strike the Italian atmosphere, where the action takes p lace.Other stylistic device is symbolic representationism, which, to my mind, prevalent in this story. The recovering machines are the symbol of false promises and hopes. I quote there were large framed photograps around the wall, of all sorts of wounds before and after they had been elderly by the machines I do not know where the doctor got them, and this symbol also implicate with irony, e. g. You impart be able to play football again better than ever. Other symbols, roasted chestnuts, charcoal promote, are the hopes for the better, because they mean light and warmth.The story makes use of repetition to express the narration In the fall the war was always there, It was chilly in the fall in Milan and the dark came very early. He repeats this theme with a slightly different emphasis at the end of the dissever It was a cold fall and the wind came down from the mountains. This description of disposition here is also rather symbolic. It makes me feel the atmosphere of death and hopelessness. In conclusion I can say that it is smth bloody and sad. But through all these disasters we are to stay humans and bravery ones. The war will finish, but the human nature is eternal.

The Enlightenment

The reason BY unet193 World Literature The Enlighten man authorts Impact on the Modern World The skill, geezerhood of Reason, began in the ripe 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new grow enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual piece dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. Western Europe, Ger some(prenominal), France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the epoch of reason.Following the Renaissance, science and tenableness was the forefront of this historic period. The enlightenment came as a wave throughout Europe, drastically changing the culture. The publications of time reflected this idea. Authors much(prenominal) as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were torchbearers of this time, writing Enlightenment literature and philosophy. The Enlightenm ent was the forefront for newfangled literature and changed the agency concourse viewed and interacted with the world, without it society today would not be the same. The ideas of the Enlightenment have had a long-term major impact on the culture, politics, and administrations of theWestern worlds. English philosopher John Lockes principles of phantasmal tolerance, the separation of church and state, and the social contract, for instance, commodiously influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States as they planned their new country. Lockes idea of a social contract, which Rousseau in circumstance developed, was also of great importance in France both before and by and by the french Revolution. Democratic institutions were in existence to some degree in England, Switzerland, and the United Province of the Netherlands when Rousseau e turn overated his social contract.Many of the ideas that the philosophers developed are internal to modern democratic society, and they we re often developed with the intent of creating such a society. It is important to note that Enlightenment thinkers were not the only source of such ideas. These are only two of more examples of how these ideas influenced later events. In fact, these common chord countries were important centers for printing and discussion, even though much of the discussion was close how to change the repressive society in France French exiles, including both Rousseau and Voltaire, took efuge in these countries when the French state sought to silence them.The 18th century was a time, which saw a significant expansion of knowledge in the commonwealth of the vivid world. In conjunction with the emerging philosophical enquiry of the Enlightenment, men of science began to investigate widespread beliefs about the structure of the universe, and even the example of knowledge that was possible for the human mind to understand. A great many an(prenominal) of the Enlightenment writers possessed a backgr ound in the sciences, or a willingness to conduct scientific experiments. Adam Smith, US representative and philosopher states, Science is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition. (Smith) Like many he believed that in order to clear the mind ot talse superstition and tocus on the true genius of a human science was necessary. A notable opponent was Rousseau, he believed that science led to the distancing of mankind from nature and often worked against the improvement and developing of individuals. The spread of science in the 18th century was enhanced by the numbers of scientific societies and academies which had started to emerge in the previous century and which, in eneral, accepted Newtonianism over the Cartesian system.It should be noted, however, that science was not a term often used by Enlightenment thinkers the use of natural philosophy illustrates that it was originally conceived of as a line of enquiry that shared out contact points with moral phi losophy and epistemology. The philosophers generally favored reducing government control over the securities industry, which we call laissez-faire economics. The most prominent educate of laissez-faire thinkers in France were the physiocrats, who believed that the only real ource of national wealth was agriculture.An unobstructed supply of grain in France would be a means of change magnitude total output. In 1776 Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, which onwards similar ideas. Smith was somewhat different from the physiocrats, though, because he believed that labor and the market were the prime creators of wealth. Smith argues The sterling(prenominal) improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the great part of the skill, dexterity, and Judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the set up of the division of abour. (Smith) He believes labor for one owns success is the best way to work, not wealth based on social standings. In qualification these arguments, both the physiocrats and Adam Smith struck at the hold that the gentry was trying to maintain on the economy. Locke agrees, All wealth is the product of labor The laissez-faire economists believed that wealth should not be confined to one class. As articulated in France, therefore, the argument for laissez-faire economics was an argument that the antique regime should be abolished and replaced with a more equal basis for ociety.Most literature was nonfiction, which means it was based on fact rather than being do up by the authors imagination. Its aims were to instruct, to enlighten, and to make people think. Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, states Two things move me to awe the starry heavens above and the moral universe within. (Kant) He explains the sort of wonder and inspiration found in the literature of the Enlightenment age Two of the primary targets of critical examination during the Enlightenment were governments and unearthly authorities .These calls for reform ere raised by some of the most eloquent writers in history, such that the Enlightenment is also known as the golden age of satire. The two leading figures of Enlightenment satire are Voltaire (in French) and Swift (in English). Voltaire battled many forms of injustice, including religious and political discrimination, arbitrary imprisonment, and torture. He is known primarily for his many philosophical and satirical works, including unexampleds, short stories, and essays. His masterpiece is the novel Gullivers Travels, a freehanded examination of ethics, politics, and society framed in series of fantastic adventures.During the late seventeenth century, France waxed as the supreme political and cultural power of Europe. Classical French literature flourished especially in the form of drama. French tragedy peaked in the works of Jean Racine, while Moliere, otten considered the greatest ot all French dramatists, reach the pinnacle of French comedy. While ant ique and medieval writers produced novels, the form received unprecedented attention in modern times. Formative age novel writing flourished primarily in Spanish, French, English, and German.As the novel did not achieve its supreme position until the nineteenth century, novelists of the formative age are generally less prominent than other literary fgures, namely poets and dramatists. Nonetheless, a list of the foremost novelists of the formative age will be attempted here in Spanish, Cervantes Defoes foremost work, Robinson Crusoe, is likely the most widely familiar novel of the entire formative age. These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would continue to change Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come.Nearly e actually scheme or fact that is held in modern science has a macrocosm in the Enlightenment Yet it is not simply the knowledge attained during the Enlightenment that makes the era so pivotalits also the eras ground breaking and ordered new approaches to investigation, reasoning, and problem solving that make it so important. although some whitethorn have been persecuted for their new ideas, it nevertheless became indisputable that thought had the power to affect real change. Just like calculus or free trade, the very concept of freedom of expression had to come from somewhere, and it too had firm root in the Enlightenment.

Psycho Dynamic Model of Abnormality Essay

Psychodynamic model of abnormality- the Oral, anal retentive and Phallic exhibits of instruction. Freud suggested that psychological development in childhood takes attribute in a series of represents that arrive throughout fixed periods of time, his theory suggests children develop though psychosexual stages which entail conflict which must be resolved. The Oral stageThis is the first stage of development which occurs at the age of 0-1 years. In this stage the mouth is the reference work of pleasure for the libido, at this age babies tend to gain comfort by doing things such as biting and chewing toys, breastfeeding etc. dissension withal believed that oral stimulation could lead to oral fixation later on in life, for example behaviours such as smoking, biting nails etc. The Anal stageThis stage of development occurs at the age of 1-3 years. The child is at a time aware that their wishes and needs can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside field indicatin g that an ego has developed. In this stage the libido is focused on the anal character of pleasure, conflict tends to come to a head in potty development when parents restrictions and going to the toilet in the right place at the right time are imposed on the child, Freud believed everyplace strictness about forcing the child during potty training and cleanliness can beat anal fixation and obsessive behaviour later on in life. The Phallic stageThis stage of development occurs at the age of 3-6 years. Feud suggested that at this stage children become aware of their genitals and the libido is focused on this idea, suggesting that the child becomes aware of emotions such as covetousy, rivalry and fear and sexy attraction. This stage also focuses on the Oedipus and Complexs. These behavioural types of development were suggested by Freud, the Oedipus manifold which focuses on boys behaviour and desire to parents, and the Electra intricate focussing on girls behaviour and desire t owards parents.The Oedipus complex Freud suggested that during the phallic stage young boys and girls go through a stage of desire for their parents, the Oedipus complex outlines the idea that boys develop strong desire for pose, they whence Notice a strong bond between parents and Become jealous of perplex and afraid of the father who might discover the boys true feelings and fearing the penalization of castration is Resolved by identifying with the father. The Electra complexDuring the stages of this complex Freud suggested that briefly, the girl desires the father but discovers she does not have a penis which leads to penis resent she then blames beat for her lack and transfers love from mother to father, the feelings are then repressed and Resolved by the girl Identifying with mother to become like her.

Health and Social Care Essay

mess use different shipway to communicate with other mountain, depending on the situation in a health and social cargon setting. In lay downal is mostly utilize between battalion who inhabit each other very well and formal for individuals who do not sack out others to well or have not met before. People who argon expected to talk in a formal talking to in a health and social care setting are the care workers. assistance workers should ensure they know the difference between the two different conversational voice communications and use the correct one accordingly. For this essay I will be analysing the two different ways to communicate to wad and give examples to why people use these ways to communicate. Formal conversations are mostly used between two individuals who are of a duty or who have not met before. Formal language doesnt use contractions for example, He is release out now. NOT hes going out now. Vocabulary is also different, please refrain from smoking (f ormal) please dont smoke ( unceremonial).According to stretch and whitehouse (2010, p6) formal dialogue is understood by a wide range of people. This means that people from different cover chargegrounds/ ages can understand the concepts of formal language. Informal language is less(prenominal) strict on grammar and often uses shorter sentences. Informal language also uses apply instead of using the correct words for things. This type of language is ordinarily spoken and not written. It is ok to talk to friends in an informal demeanor but you wouldnt talk to your patients about their medical guidelines in this language you would talk to them in a formal way. In a health and social care setting informal language could be used when youre giving a patient an update if youre honorable walking down the hall way.People need to know when it is satisfactory to use either formal or informal language in a health and social care setting. If an individual doesnt know when they are supposed to be using formal language therefore they can make themselves look unprofessional and that they dont know how to speak in a formal manner. Also if they use informal instead of formal consequently its harder for people to communicate back in the group. In summary, informal and formal communication are sooner different to each other. If an individual was to use the wrong form of language in a health and social care setting then they can make that person feel disrespected, whereas if they were to use the correct form then they can communicate more effectively.BibliographySTRECH, B. & WHITEHOUSE, N. (eds) Health and Social Care Level 3 Book1, Pearson, Harlow Essex

Fiscal Administration

Local fiscal administration refers to systems, structures, processes, resources, and the policy environment organization the inter- politicsal and inter-local fiscal relations, affecting, among others the following o the giving of allotments and grants by the depicted object government (NG) to local government units (LGUs) o sharing of measureing powers between the NG and the LGUs, and among LGUs units o policy on tax rates and structure o revenue and expenditure planning revenue and expenditure planning o revenue utilization and expenditure allocation o monitoring and cheers of budgets, tax ordinances and other fiscal measures o policy on espousal and borrowing instruments and o appointment and supervision of local fiscal officers. The trends in local fiscal administration are inadequacy of own-source revenue to finance basic and devolved functions and thus render LGUs dependent on transfers from the NG.Reliance on a few(prenominal) local taxes, particularly the real property tax and cable tax and uneven level of expenditures hence, unequal access to local public services. With regards to the inadequacy of lgus, the national government must assist lgus in making discipline strategies to maximize the resources available. In that way, lgus can somehow sustain themselves and become slight dependent to national government.It must also help in attracting investors unheeding if the leaders are opposition or administration. Lgus must not resole rely on few local taxes. It must encourage business to pay honestly the taxes and give credit to those who pay on time. Those who outsmart must be persecuted regardless if they are powerful individuals and has connecrtion to top officials. The national government must help in regulating taxes and help in catching the big fishes.

Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 27~28

Chapter 27Bridging the Bo ruboromHalf past midnight. He stood at the top of the s erupthwest tower of the Oakland Bay Bridge, some l stories above the gunmetal-cold bay, thinking, Jump or dive? He wore a dim silk suit and he pa utilizationd for a moment, regretting that the suit would be ruined. He desire the feel and flow of silk on his skin. Oh well. ii miles a port Jody was walking up Market Street wishing that she could dear endure drunk and drop come forth. I wonder, she impression, if I prepare some i who was rattling drunk and drank his birth? No, this damn system of mine would probably identify alcohol as a poison and fight the effects. So populacey questions. If only Id remembered to train them.She stopped at a anticipate booth and called Tommy at the store.Marina Safe direction.Tommy, its me.argon you unchanging mad? non mad enough, I guess. I just precious to part you to stay in the store until after daylight. Dont go come pop of the closetside for any re ason. And stay around the other cat-o-nine-tailss if you hobo.Why? Whats the look?Just do as I say, Tommy.I cleaned up the loft. Mostly, anyway.Well utter nearly it tomorrow night. Stay at home until I a disturb up, okay?Are you still exhalation to be pissed?Probably. Ill observe you and then(prenominal). Good-bye. She hung up. How could he be so smart some sentences and so vile other times? Maybe the vampire was right, a hu homo could never downstairsstand her. She suddenly felt very l nonpareilly.She ducked into an all-night diner and ordered a cup of c fine-tuneee as rent on a booth. She still could enjoy the smell of coffee, thus come out of the closet-of-the-way(prenominal) if she couldnt keep it down.She opened the paper she had bought from the shadower with her cosmetics bag and began to read done the somebodyals. give way force Seeking Women, Women Seeking Men, Men Seeking Men, Women Seeking Women, Men Seeking Small Fuzzy Animals on that point was a wide selection of categories. She s gitned over the more than mundane entries until her sum securetled on one under Support Groups. Are You a Vampire? You dont energise to face your problem alone. Blood Drinkers Anonymous lowlife help. Mon.-Fri. Midnight. Rm. 212 Asiatic pagan Center, Non-Smoking.It was Friday. It was midnight. She was only ten minutes from the Asian Cultural Center. Could it be this simple?The first thing she noniced when she walked into room 212 of the Asian Cultural Center is that all of the soundly deal turn onting in a circle in molded p stick knocked out(p)ic chairs, all twenty of them, were large-minded off heat signatures. They were all human.She was fannying out of the brink when a pear-shaped woman in a leotard and black cape intercepted her and took her hand.Welcome, express the woman. She sported a set of alternatively wicked- feeling fangs that caused her to lisp. Im Tabitha. Were just acquiring ready to start. scratch on in. T presents coffee and cookies.She led Jody to an orange plastic chair and urged her to sit down. Its hard the first time, only when every(prenominal)one present has been where you are.Not declensiony a kindred(p)ly, Jody verbalize, wiping a speck of Tabithas spittle from her cheek.Tabitha pointed to a plastic medallion that hung from her neck by a heavy silver chain. See this chip? Ive been clean and blank for six months. If I can do it, so can you. virtuoso night at a time.Tabitha squeezed her arm, then threw her cape over her shoulder, dour dramatically, and stalked across the room to the cookie t up to(p), her cape billowing barelyt her.Jody looked at the other occupants of the room. All were talking, most were sneaking looks at her betwixt sips of coffee. The men were all tall and thin with protruding Adams apples and pestiferous skin. Their perform ranged from business suits to jeans and flannel. They talent welcome been a chess club out for the evening if non for the cap es. To a man, they wore capes. Four of seven had fangs. Two sets of quaternity were make of glow-in-the-dark plastic.Jody focused on cardinal of them whispering in the corner. I told you, this is a babe-fest. Did you promise the redhead? He sneaked a look.His assistant check, I think I saw her at Compulsive Cleaners last week.Compulsive Cleaners, I was forfeitr to try that. How are the odds? practically of gay laugh ats, besides a few babes. Mostly they smell wish Pine Sol, but its hot if you like latex gloves.Cool, Ill check it out. I think Im dismissal to quit handout to Adult Children of Alcoholics, everybodys looking to blame, no ones looking to get laid.Jody thought, I dont make out if I indirect request to attain quiet desperation this fetchly. She changed her focus to the women in the room.A six-foot-two brunette woman in a black choir robe and Kabuki-like makeup was complain to a washed-out blonde wearing a tattered unite dress. They want to be laced up, I tie them up. They want to be spanked, I spank them. They want to be called names, I call them names. scarcely try and drink a short(p) of their blood, and they scream like babies. What close to my needs?I have sex, said the blonde. I asked Robert to sleep in the rove one time and he relegate.You have a coffin? I want a coffin.Christ, Jody thought, Ive got to get out of here.Tabitha clapped her hands. Lets get the meeting startedThose who were stand raise place. Several men tried to shove their way into the seats next to Jody. A skinny geek with peanut-butter breath leaned in to her and said, I was on Oprah on Halloween. Men who drink blood and the women who find them disgusting. If you want, you can come by my place and watch the tape after the meeting.Im out of here, Jody said. She jumped up and headed for the door.Behind her she heard Tabitha saying, Hi, Im Tabitha and Im a bloodsucking fiend.Hi, Tabitha, the group said in chorus.Outside Jody looked up and down the str eet wondering which way to go, what to do. She paused by a telephone booth, realizing that there was no one she could call. crying welled in her eyes. Why even bother to hope? The only person who had the slightest idea how she felt was the vampire who had made her. And he had made it clear that he wasnt interested in helping her the evil fucker.I should set him up with my mother, she thought, then the two of them can look down on humanity together. The thought made her smile. and so the phone rang. She looked at it for a second, looked around for someone else who would answer it, but drop for a guy standing by his car a couple of blocks onward, the street was empty.She picked up the phone. Hello.A mans voice said, I thought you would show up here eventually.Who is this? Jody asked. The man sounded young, his voice was unfamiliar.I cant carve up you that yet.Okay, Jody said.Bye.Wait, wait, wait, dont hang up.Well?Youre the one, arent you? Youre real. I spurious, you are a rea l vampire.Jody held the phone outside, stared at the receiver as if it were an alien object. Who is this?I dont want to tell you my name. I dont want you to be able to find me. Lets just say that Im a friend.Thats how most of my friends are, Jody said. They dont tell me their names or how to find them. It keeps my social calendar pretty clear. Who was this guy? Who could possibly live on that she was here, right instantly?Okay, I guess I owe you something. Im a med student at at a local anesthetic college. I did some research on one of the bodies one of the bodies of the people you killed.I didnt kill anyone. I dont have what youre talking about. If I am who you think I am, how did you know Id be here? I didnt even know I would be here until an hour ago.Ive been waiting, watching every night for a couple of weeks. I had a theory that you wouldnt have any noticeable body heat, and you dont.What are you talking about? No one notices anybodys body heat.Look up the street. By the sn owy Toyota. Its running, by the way. If you make a move to come toward me, Im gone.Jody looked more closely at the person up the street standing by a tweed car. The car was running. The man was persuadeing a cellular telephone phone and looking at her through some very large binoculars.I see you, she said. What do you want?Im looking at you through infrared glasses. Youre not giving off any body heat, so I know youre the one. My theory was right.Are you a cop?No, I told you, Im a medical examination student. I dont want to turn you in. In fact, I think I major power be able to help you, if youre interested in world helped.Talk, Jody said. She held her hand over the phone and focused on the guy by the car. She could hear him talking into the cell phone.They gave one of the cadavers to our department after the coroner was done with it. It was a male, about sixty years old, the third victim, I think. I noticed that there was a clean spot on his neck, as if it had been washed. The coroner hadnt put that in his report. I took a wander sample and put it under a microscope. The tissue in that flying field was living. Regenerating. I cultured it and it started to die, until I added something on a hunch.What? Jody asked. She didnt know what to think. This man knew she was a vampire, and strangely, she felt an urge to attack. Some protective instinct wanted her to scandalize him. Kill him. She fought to stay calm.Hemoglobin. I added some human hemoglobin and the tissue started to regenerate again. I ran it through the sequencer. Its not human DNA. Its close, but not human. It doesnt produce heat, doesnt seem to burn fuel the same way that mammalian cells do. The coroner said that he was the one that had drained the blood from the body, but hed never done that before. And I knew that the guy had been murdered. I made a guess. I saw the ad in the Weekly for a vampire support group, so Ive been watching.Jody said, mull I believe what youre saying. Suppose I belie ve that you believe this bullshit, how could you help me? Supposing I wanted to be helped?My major is gene therapy. theres a chance I could reverse the process.This isnt science. Im not saying that youre right about your theory. There are a fate of things that you dont know, that cant be explained by science. If you dont know that by now, you willing. What youre talking about is magic. magic is just science that we dont know yet. Do you want me to help or not?Why would you want to do that? As far as you know, I kill people.So does cancer, but I still work on it. Do you have any idea what kind of rival there is for jobs in my field? Its an all-or-nothing field. I could end up getting my PhD and giving saccharine enemas to rats for five bucks an hour. What I learn from you would put my recuperate at the top of the stack.Jody didnt know what to say. Part of her wanted to drop the phone and go after him. Another part wanted to accept his help.She said, What do you want me to do?No thing yet. How can I get hold of you?I cant tell you that. Ill call you. Whats your number?I cant tell you that.Jody sighed. Look, Mr. scientific Genius, figure out something. And by the way, I really didnt kill those people.Then why are you even listening to me?I guess this chat is over. Get in your car and get comfortable with asking rats to bender over. Good-bye.Wait, we could meet somewhere. tomorrow. Someplace man.No, it has to be at night. Someplace private. You could have cops everywhere. She watched him as she talked. He had put the binoculars down and she could see that he was Asian.Youre the grampus here. Would you meet you someplace private and dark?All right. Tomorrow night. seven oclock, at Enricos on Broadway. That public enough for you?Sure. Can I introduce a blood-sample kit? Would you let me?Would you let me? she asked.He didnt answer.Just kidding, she said. Look, I dont want to hurt you, but I dont want to get hurt either. When you leave here, drive like hell and fill up an indirect highroad home.Why?Because I really didnt kill those people, but I know who did, and hes been following me. If hes seen you, youre in danger.The line was quiet for a minute, just the nicety voices of a cellular connection. Jody watched the Asian guy watching her.Finally he cleared his throat. How many of you are there?I dont know, she said.I know that all of the victims dont change. It couldnt work. The geometric progression would have the entire human hie sour to vampires in a month. He sounded more confident now that he had brought the conversition underpin to science.Ill tell you what I know tomorrow. provided dont expect much. I dont know much. Or Ill tell you now if you want to talk face to face, but I dont think its a unspoilt idea to talk about this with you on a cell phone.Yeah, youre right. Not now, though. Not here. You understand, dont you?Jody nodded, exaggerating the gesture so he could see. The longer you stand there, the divulge chance you have of being seen by by the other one. Tomorrow night, then. Seven oclock.Will you be wearing that dress?Jody smiled. Do you like it? Its new.Its great. I didnt think you would be a woman.Thanks. Go now. She watched him climb into the Toyota, the cell phone still in hand. Promise not to try and span me down?I know where youll be tomorrow night, remember?Oh yeah. By the way, my names Steve.Hi, Steve. Im Jody.Bye, he said. He disconnected. Jody hung up the phone and watched him drive away.She thought, Great, another one to worry about.It hadnt occurred to her that her condition might be reversible. But then, the med student didnt know about how the body had turned to dust. Science indeed.Jump or dive, he thought. The silk suit whipped about his legs in the chill wind. The towers aircraft warning light flashed red across his face and he could see heat swirling off it, disintegration over the bay.His name was Elijah Ben Sapir. He stood five feet ten inches tall and he had been a vampire for viii hundred years. In human keep he had been an alche veil and had spent his time mixing noxious chemicals and chanting esoteric incantations onerous to turn lead into gold and tap the secret of incessant life. He hadnt been a particularly good alchemist. He had never been able to pull off the gold transformation, although by a bizarre misreckoning of chemistry he did manage to invent Teflon some eight hundred years before DuPont would find a use for it. (It should be noted, though, that archaeologists recently uncovered a Viking rune stone in Greenland that mentions a Jew who entered the palace of Constantine the Magnificent in 1224 selling a line of slippy hot pokers for the emperors torture chamber and was promptly given the bums rush to the city gates. The accuracy of the story has been questioned, however, as it begins, I never believed that your letters were accredited until Gunner and I and goes on to recount the sexual exploits of two Vikings and a ha rem of brown-skinned Byzantine babes.)Ben Sapirs search for eternal life had been somewhat more successful. Granted, it came with the side effects of drinking human blood and staying out of sunlight, but he had gotten used to that. It was the loneliness that he couldnt abide. Perhaps, after all these years, it would end. He was afraid to hope.It had been a hundred years since a fledgling had lasted this long. She had been a Yanomamo woman in the Amazon Basin and she had hunted the jungle for third months before she returned to her village and turned her sister. The sisters declared themselves gods and demanded sacrifices from the village. He found them by the river feeding on an old woman, and he took no pleasure in killing them. Perhaps the redhead, perhaps she would be the one.Dive, he decided. He leaped away from the tower, jackknifed into a dive, and plunged fifty stories to the black water. The challenge was to avoid changing to mist before hitting the water. That was too easy .The impact of the water ripped the clothes off his back the stitching of his shoes exploded with the pressure. He surfaced, naked except for one sock that had strangely survived the impact, and began the long swim back to his boat thinking, I shouldnt have saved her from the sunlight. I must be fearsome for entertainment.Chapter 28Is That a Blackjack in Your Pocket?Tommy booted the Emperor out of the store at dawn. It had been a long night severe to keep the crazed ruler away from the Animals while throwing stock and trying to figure out the logistics of his meeting with mara, all while under the make up ones mind of Dr. Drews polio weed, which seemed to affect the part of the brain that motivates one to sit in the corner and drool while staring at ones hands. When the shift ended, he declined the Animals invitation for beers and Frisbee in the parking lot, swiped a baguette from the bread-delivery man, and caught the bus home, intent on going straight to bed. He knew his plan was foiled when Frank, the biker/sculptor, met him outside their grammatical construction holding a familiar-looking bronzy turtle.Flood, check it out. Frank held up the turtle. It workedWhat worked? Tommy asked. deep electroplating process. Come on in, Ill show you. Frank turned and led Tommy through the roll-up door into the foundry.The foundry took up the entire bottom floor of the building, here was a huge furnace making a muffled rumbling sound. There were several large pits filled with sand, and plaster-of-Paris molds lay in them in dissimilar states of completion. In the back, near the only windows, stood wax figures of naked women, Indians, Buddhas, and birds, waiting to be cut up and placed in plaster of Paris.Frank said, Weve been doing a lot of statues for peoples gardens. Buddhas are big(p) with the koi-pond types. Thats what we needed the turtles for. monk already exchange one of them to a woman in Pacific Heights for five hundred bucks. Sight unseen.My turtles? To mmy said. He looked more closely at the bronze turtle Frank was holding. ZeldaCan you believe it? Frank said. We did them both in less than eight hours. Lost-wax process would have taken days. Ill show you.He led Tommy to the other side of the shop where a short, portly man in leather and denim was working beside a tall Plexi-glas army tank filled with a translucent green liquid.Frank said, Monk, this is our neighbor, Tom Flood. Flood, this is my partner Monk.Monk grunted, not looking up from a compressor that he seemed to be having trouble with. Tommy could see how he had gotten his name. He had a large concave bald spot with a fringe of hair around it the Benedictine version of Easy Rider, Friar Tuck on wheels.This, said Frank, gesturing toward the ten-foot tank, as far as we know, is the biggest electroplating tank on the West Coast.Tommy didnt know kinda how to react. He was still stunned by see the bronze coincidence of Zelda. Thats just spiffy, he said finally.Yeah, dude. We can do anything we can find. No molds, no wax carvings. You just dunk and go. Thats how we did your turtles.Tommy was starting line to get it. You mean that that is not a sculpture? You covered my turtles with brass?Thats it. That liquid is sit downurated with dissolved metal. We sprayed the turtles with a thin metal-based paint that would conduct current. Then we abandoned a wire to them and dipped them in the tank. The current draws the metal out of the water and it fuses to the paint on the turtle. Leave it a long time and the coating gets thick enough to have structural integrity. Voila, a bronze garden turtle. I dont think anybodys ever done it before. We owe you, man.Monk grunted in gratitude.Tommy didnt know whether to be angry or depressed. You should have told me you were going to kill them.I thought you knew, man. Sorry. You can have this one, if you want. Frank presented the bronzed Zelda.Tommy shook his head and looked away. I dont think I could look at her. He turned and walked away.Frank said, Cmon, man, take it. We owe you one. If you need a favor or somethingTommy took Zelda. How would he explain to Jody? By the way, Ive turned your curt friends into statues. And this right after theyd had a big fight. He slunk up the travel feeling completely lost.Jody had left him a note on the forbidTommyImperative that you are here when I wake up. If you go out you are in serious, life-threatening trouble. I mean it. I have some very important things to tell you. No time now, Im going to go out any second. Be here when I wake up.JodyGreat, Tommy said to Peary. Now what do I do about Mara? Who does Jody think she is, threatening me? What does she think shes going to do if Im not here? I cant be here. Why dont you keep her busy until I get home. Tommy patted the chest freezer and an idea came to him.You know, Peary, scientists have frozen vampire daft and thawed them completely unharmed. I mean, how would she know? How many times has she thought it was Tuesday when it was really Wednesday?Tommy went to the bedroom and looked in on Jody, who had made it to bed, but not in time to change out of her black dress.Wow, Tommy thought, she never dresses like that for me.She looked so peaceful. Sexy, but peaceful.Shell be angry if she finds out, but shes angry now. It wont really hurt her. I can just take her out tomorrow morning and put her under the electric blanket. By sundown shell be thawed out and Ill have handled the Mara thing. I can tell Mara that Im involved. I cant start something new until this is finished. Maybe with the extra time, Jody will have chilled a little.He smiled to himself.He opened the lid of the freezer, then went into the bedroom to get Jody. He carried her into the kitchen and laid her in the freezer on top of Peary. As he shut in her into the fetal position he felt a twinge of jealousy. You guys behave now, okay? He tucked a few TV dinners around her nice and snug under her arms, then kissed her on the forehead and gently closed the lid.As he crawled into bed he thought, If she ever finds out about this, shes really going to be pissed.Tommy had been asleep three hours when the pounding started. He rolled out of bed, stumbled across the dark bedroom, and was blinded when he opened the door into the loft. He was just regaining his eyesight when he opened the fire door and Rivera said, Are you Thomas Flood, Junior?Yes, Tommy said, bracing himself against the doorjamb.Im Inspector Alphonse Rivera from the San Francisco Police Department. He held up a badge wallet. Youre under arrest Rivera pulled a case from his jacket pocket for abandoning a vehicle on a public street.Youre kidding, Tommy said.Cavuto stepped through the door and grabbed Tommy by the shoulder, whipping him around as the big cop pulled his handcuffs from his belt. You have the right to remain silent Cavuto said.Two hours later Tommy had been processed, probed, and printed, and as Cavuto had expected, Tommys fin gerprints matched those on the copy of On the Road that they had found under the dead bum. It was enough for them to get a search excuse issued for the loft. Five minutes after they entered the loft a mobile hatred lab was dispatched along with a forensics team and two coroners trucks. As far as crime scenes went, the loft in SOMA was the mother lode.Cavuto and Rivera left the crime scene to the forensics team and returned to the station, where they took Tommy from a holding cell and put him in a pleasantly pink interrogation room furnished with a metal table and two chairs. There was a reverberate on one wall and a tape recorder sat on the table. Tommy sat staring at the pink wall, remembering something about how pink was supposed to calm you down. It didnt seem to be working. His stomach was tied in knots.Rivera had done dozens of interrogations with Cavuto and they always took the same roles Cavuto was the bad cop, and Rivera was the good cop. Actually Rivera never felt like the good cop. More a good deal he was the I-am-tired-and-overworked-and-Im-being-nice-to-you-because-I-dont-have-the-energy-to-be-angry cop.Would you like a smoke? Rivera asked.Sure, Tommy said.Cavuto jumped in his face. Too bad, punk. Theres no smoking in here. Cavuto took great pleasure in being the bad cop. He practiced in front of the mirror at home.Rivera shrugged. Hes right. You cant smoke.Tommy said, Thats okay, I dont smoke.How about a lawyer then? asked Rivera. Or a phone call?I have to be at work at midnight, Tommy said. If it looks like Im going to be late, Ill use my call then.Cavuto was pacing the room, time his path so he could wheel on Tommy with every statement. He wheeled. Yeah, kid, youre going to be late, about thirty years late, if they dont fry you.Tommy pushed back in his chair with fright.Good one, Nick, Rivera said.Thanks. Cavuto smiled around an unlit cigar and backed away from the table where Tommy sat.Rivera travel up. Okay, kid, you dont want an attorne y. Where do you want to start? Weve got you handily on two murders and probably three. If you tell us the story, tell us everything, about all the other murders, we might be able to waive the death penalisation.I didnt kill anybody.Dont be cute, Cavuto said. We found two bodies in your freezer. Weve got your fingerprints all over a book that we found under a third body outside your apartment. Weve got you staying at the motel where we found a quaternate body. And weve got you with a closetful of womens clothing and eyewitnesses that put a woman near where we found a fifth bodyTommy interrupted, Actually, theres only one body in the freezer. The other is my girlfriend.You sick fuck. Cavuto drew back as if to hit Tommy. Rivera moved to restrain him. Tommy cowered in his chair.Rivera led Cavuto to the far side of the room. Let me take this for a minute. He left Cavuto grumbling to himself and went to the seat across from Tommy.Look, kid, weve got you cold, so to speak, on two murder s. Weve got circumstantial evidence on another. You are going to jail for a very long time, and at this point, the death penalty is looking pretty good. Now if you tell us everything, and dont leave anything out, we might be able to help you out, but you have to give us enough to close all the cases. Do you understand?Tommy nodded. But I didnt kill anybody. I put Jody in the freezer, which I admit is inconsiderate, but I didnt kill her.Cavuto growled. Rivera nodded in mock acceptance of the story. Fine, but if you didnt kill them, who did? Did someone you know force you into this?Cavuto exploded, Oh Christ, Rivera What do you need, a videotape? This little bastard did it.Nick, please. Give me a minute here.Cavuto moved to the table and leaned over it until his face was next to Tommys. He whispered, raspy and gruff, Flood, dont think you can use a wiggle and a scintillate to get yourself out of this. That might work down on Castro, but Im immune to it here, you got me? Im going to l eave now, but when I come back, if you havent told my partner your story, Im going to cause pain. dozens of it, and I wont leave a mark on you. He stood up, smiled, then turned and left the room.Tommy looked at Rivera. A wiggle and a wink?Nick thinks youre cute, Rivera said.Hes gay?Completely.Tommy shook his head. I would have never guessed.Hes a Shriner, too. Rivera tapped a cigarette out of his pack and lit it. Looks can be deceiving.Hey, I didnt think you were allowed to smoke in here.Rivera blew smoke in Tommys face. You had two people in your freezer, and youre giving me shit about smoking.Good point.Rivera sat down and leaned back in the chair. Tommy, Im going to give you one more chance to tell me how you killed those people, then Im going to let Nick back in here and Im going to leave. He really likes you. This room is soundproof, you know.Tommy swallowed hard. Youre not going to believe me. Its a pretty fantastic story. Theres supernatural immobilize involved.Rivera rubbe d his temples. Satan told you to do it? he said wearily.No.Elvis?I told you, its supernatural.Tommy, Im going to tell you something Ive never told anyone before. If you repeat it, Ill deny I said it. Five years ago I saw a white owl with a seventy-foot wingspan swoop out of the sky and roll a demon off a hillside and take off into the sky.I heard that cops get the best drugs, Tommy said.Rivera got up. Im going to bring Nick in.No, wait. Ill tell you. It was a vampire. You can thaw Jody out and ask her.Rivera reached over and turned on the tape recorder. Now slow down. Start at the beginning and go until we walked you into this room.An hour later Rivera met Cavuto behind the one-way mirror. Cavuto was not happy. You know, Id rather you just threaten that I would beat him up.It worked, didnt it?Theres nothing there we can use. Not a thing. If he sticks with that story hell get off on insanity. Its too wild. I want to know how he got the blood out of the bodies.The kid thinks hes a wr iter. Hes showing off his imagination. Lets let him sit for a while and get something to eat. I want to find the Emperor.That wacko?Hes been reporting seeing a vampire for weeks. Maybe he saw the kid doing one of the murders.