'Indigenous Tradition Essay\r'

'In the bypast nation de existenced misinterpreted close to their impost endemical originality or occurring natur e rattlingy (country, region etc. To be original consanguinity (relation to wiz oppo pose) and location( ascribeion of percentageicular status) Indigenous religion beliefs, watch and practices concerning non-falsifiable realities of peck who book kin commit and location Syncretism: Syncretism concourse of elework forcets from polar religions. Eg : north Ameri tush usage hurt been influenced by Christianity, roughly Afri nates rituals be influences by Islam. * Change occurs e rattlingwhere.\r\n* Traditions argon little(prenominal) au thustic (accurate) than thousands course ago Indigenous can be provoke anywhere: * Anishinaubae: drumming ceremony in Toronto * Yoruba: Funeral rites in London * Maori: Purification ritual in opera ho hold house Sydney Australia Misconceptions * Common to Indigenous traditions is colonialism * Oglala (Indigenous soc iety) â€> a theoriser relieveed them as â€Å"warriors with step forward weapons basic in all in ally they were incapable to adapting a impertinently economy lifestyle they foc utilise on how to make them â€Å"modern Indians” * Outsider lack insider knowledge.\r\n* Scholars frequently use terms such as fetish, myth, mana, taboo to explain Indigenous traditions. * Eg â€Å" Indigenous stories atomic number 18 called myth where the playscript is considered to be true. Primitive Cultures that argon unchanged from the base primitive Christians, who believed in god and their tradition, had superiority and began to transmit their religion to who didn’t know alone or so gospel truth Indigenous traditions argon tend to ideate much(prenominal)(prenominal) primitive †Due to non-literate * But report to not better than oral examination delivering * Mayan did use writing * nearly Indigenous people atomic number 18 very literate.\r\nIndigenous tra dition argon tend to think more primitive †consider everything to be devoted (untrue) * Eg : Navajo : ceremony that transforms normal house into a stimulate place. So everything such as eating, sleeping is considered to be holy. * Australian aborigine knows where to pray(know the difference between sacred and non sacred mountains) Primitive term is now disagreeing by umpteen an(prenominal) scoloars Mohawk and Cree (Dr Clare Brant) Mohawk: Indigenous traditions who bemuse more food to their guest to furnish their wealth. Cree: Indigenous tradition who eat all the food offered to fancy scarcity.\r\nThese both traditions did not go tumefy together and this shows that Indigenous traditions are incompatible from each other. other(prenominal) point is that we percolate other cultures according to our give pitch cultures. Gender roles: * Male: hunting and warfare * raw-bearing(prenominal): healing and food preparation * Maori carvers were custody and weavers were wo men. Bunu men frow cotton and women turn it into stuffes. * Sometimes the roles switch save when similar other traditions * Usually religions practices are different for men and woman too. Power of speech viva voce speaking is very imp for Indigenous traditions things are passed defeat oraly. galore(postnominal) people think oral primitive (untrue).\r\nBoth Quran and Bible was passed down orally before written into text Stories : aft(prenominal) life : * Kewa: a man finds a dig where his dead people wre living together and they gave them many things and asks him not to speak of it. When he goes and secernate everyone about the tunnel, he breaks the promise and when he returns the tunnel is gone. * Anishinaubae : young man fiance died, and he go on a journey to find her and when he establish her , he returns photographic plate heartbroken, keeping his promise. * These stories tell us about importance of familys tell us about how we should live than about dying Writing s tores often â€Å"fixed in time”.\r\nTrickster: * Considered as â€Å"culture heroes” because they are the central figures in many stores * Usually shape shift usually into animals * buns change genders sometime biological and sometime just raiment changing * Outer form is reflected into infidelity * They can appear as fools, selfish, kind, scandalous etc. * Usually driven by self lodge in alone * Trickster stores show us how we should fare and how we should not * The stories often explain the origins of solid ground and yoke to a community more deeply. * Embodies the extremes of benignantity: human weakness and strength Practice (rituals).\r\nIndigenous tradition rituals are very similar to our traditions * Rituals remind us on what is imp in our life. * In apparitional terms, rituals, communicate some tracks with gods, ancestor and aspects. * Rituals are roots in the human needs and relationship Rituals : * Every rituals varies * Usually involves food Musl im and Jews have specific food eating habits * Many Buddhist set food portions aside for ancestors * Anishinaubae put teensy-weensy amount of food for the spirits * Some rituals are more complicated * Such as marriage, death, birth * Sometimes these rituals mark sack and sometimes they avail to bring the transformation about.\r\n* Indigenous tradition rituals parcel out in some ways to re compose some aspects of the world, order and life move around: * Going on a journey/quest: rites of passage * Journey to a tonic place is where a transformation occurs. * The person returns home with forcible change, such as tattoo, scar or a embody part to symbolize their new self. * Pondos: moved into a extra hut to become sacred healers- if they go into townsfolk before they must be covered in white * White usually symbolize the colour in of transformation in Africa * Anishinaubae vision quest †yong man travels far away from home only with peeing and be completely alone.\r\nThe n late he become a â€Å"adult man” and comes home with food and the ritual is complete . pay Mel Gibson: fall ins in Indigenous traditions are vey common Bear throw: raise a young cub, and raise it for two day and kill it. Head is emptied and filled with flowers and then the animal is cooked and eaten. They think that the bear is the gold’s spirit and they see it as freeing the spirit. sun dance : dance till days and community provide support. Some sun dance involves sacrifice . the pole and lodge are buil to show the being of the world Nuer : sacrifice ox for healing.\r\nXhosa : when a woman fall ill the community gathers and kill a cow and do many rituals. This is due their persuasion that the ancestor or spirit is angry with the women. * above rituals shows the involvement of community even though thither is sacrifice involved. * The rituals ultimately brings people together * Sacrifice like rituals create order and meaning * Those rituals cooperate people t o the past and respond to current role Cultural Expression What you see is not eer what you get Art in Indigenous traditions is aout relationship objects are coonected to people Weaving :\r\n* Intertwine and connect * Weavers work together , helping one another , passing knowledge. * Shows bonds among people Maori Tradition : * All weavers are female * A girl is said all about weaving more said more discouraged if people saw true cargo then they let the girl into whare pora(caretakers of the weaving) * Whare pora have rules no sex before dying, no food allowed during weaving, exceptional garment should be weaved during the day and not strangets can view the weaving * Traditional colors : black, red and white * Sacred thread is sewed on all garments to show the bond Underlying cloth :\r\n* Clothing declare who we are and how we fit into accessible fabric * Has two side : can pelt much as it reveals and help us create a public face * Lady nuts : he masques and clothes hide part of her besides also reveals her identity that she wishes to show * Special clothes are associated with imp rituals * Bunu : believes that the special clothes are kind of womb, enveloping the body as like a fetus is being born. Clothing only wears it does not die old cloth is replaces by new, as old spirits is reborn essence basket : * Oldest arts * In pomo community men makes the heavy basket for hunting and fishing * Women were obligated for spectral baskets.\r\n* Mable mckey : was a traditional healer in pomo community and famous basket weaver in the world. Masks : * Masks are used in imp rituals spousal relationship , funerals, hunting celebration etc * Masks are ment to ring spirit into the community lesser deities (gods) * Mask represent current animals does not mean they worship the animal * Epa mask in Yoruba community extremely heavy show the strength require to dance with the mask and set down the adult hood with responsibility. * Carvers are usualy male Totem poles : * really specific to each communities * Function of totem poles also varies in each tradition.\r\n* Meaning varies serve as a supporting structure or grave makers and other as a symbol for power * some also tell stories such as historical, achievements and religious * Grizzly bear at the base retentivity a human represents self-preservation or survival. Moko * Maori carvings are less likely to be displayed outside the original physical context * Moko tattoos * In the beginning the women were only allowed tattoos around their lips and chin where men can have tattoos all over their face * Moko story remind the Maori people their ancestor and importance of meeting ones obligation and treating one another with respect Ancestoral House.\r\n* Marae Maori religious and social home. land site of wedding , funeral, celebration. * Authority is held by community elders where they use the space to pass n traditions, stories and arts, carving, weaving. * If the artist when incorrect pain ting the place, they could be put to death. * Location is very imp it must be located in a place where the previous generation carried out the religious and social activities. * Whare Whakairo physical form which represents the body of the ancestor * The building is divided into body separate of the ancestor Three points and Shrine : * Some traditions are very plain, harder for an outsider to see * Three issues :\r\n* Most rituals are performed outside * Think bout the shape of religious structures that are used in the rituals * What you see is not often what you get * Mbari shrine : represents the hand of the community, a great healer and was forced to escape because they were attacked by another community. Elder stands her to protects the shrine all the time. * The guard signify the change modern ripening Hogans * Navajo Hogan traditional living space as well as the site for many rituals. * It is the site for everyday activities and some are religious and some are not * Befor e new Hogan is occupied a song is performed.\r\n* Known as Blessing way ceremony four divining earth, mountain woman, water woman, give woman also the song speaks everyday things * agree to them world is structure †Hogan All these things symbolizes: * Link btw past and present * Btw community and place * Btw our world and world of spirits Colonialism * Colonialism process where people from one place maintain a settlement in another and to the effects of people who were already there. * Changes include †subjection or removal , new laws, social practices and new economy. * Power and profit are factors that drive colonialism.\r\n* religion is also one of the reason Colombus : * He destruct a community Arawaks * He wanted to tell him where the gold was people who gave him gold were left live and people who didn’t were killed(by cutting hands) * Then he realized that the most valuable are the people, so he sent them back to Europe by the boat land. Genocides : * 2 0 cardinal African were taken as slave and only 11 million returned * 96% od aboriginals were dead in Australia * factors of depopulation : armed services action, torture, starvation, suicide and slavery. * More aboriginals are killed when the Americans want more land Masters of continent :\r\n* As colonist population growed the indigenous population reduced less friendly for land * Terra nullius no ones land was the excogitate that European settlers used no owner ship primitive †they do not count as people Conversion : * Many converted to different religion due to colonialism * In Indonesia indigenous tradition is not recognized by lay so all are counted as muslim leaving of religion : * Europeans tried to convert them into chistianity rarely worked * Europeans used military strengeth and religion â€Å"our people is tronger because our god is stronger â€Å" * Missionaries.\r\n* as well sometimes the colonial government made the indigenous religion illegal * Eg : potla tch and sundance was made illegal â€? develop to the felf harm and economic hardship is potlatch(poverty) * Colonialism lead to patriarchate The potlatch : * Feast that are hosted by a family and hosting family presents the guests with gifts * gift hospitality and redistributing wealth. Loss of language : * Colonialism language disappeared continuously * 20 languages extinct * when communities died, the languages died with them * children’s were forbidden to speak their own languages â€Å"Stolen generation” Loss of Land:\r\n* Many religious and indigenous land were taken and was destroyed * Two problems that non-indigenous people had: * Very common belief, no specific belief and are mostly about practice * Religion such as Christians can pray anywhere but indigenous people had to pray at a specific site Identity : (the sympols of indeginous people in sports) * Cleveland Indians play at Atlanta braves : it’s a reminder of current colonialism that has been taken from the indigenous people. * Indigenous oriented name : â€Å"eskimo pie” to market the products evoke a primitive stomp that is best suited for the product.\r\n'