Cystic Fibrosis Essays -- essays research papers

cystic Fibrosis is adisorder where the exocrine glands secreteabnormally thick mucus, leading to closure ofthe pancreas and chronic infections of the lungs,which usually cause death in childhood or earlyadulthood. Some mildly affected patients maysurvive longer. Doctors keister diagnose the diseaseby testing the patients perspiration because peoplewith cystic Fibrosis have high amounts of salt intheir perspiration. Those with respiratory infectionsare enured with antibiotics, with aerosols thatrelieve constriction of the airways and liquefy thethick mucus, and by physical therapy to garterpatients cough up the obstructing secretions.Patients with pancreatic insufficiency can takepancreatic enzymes with meals. Intestinalobstruction, which occurs primarily in infancy(meconium ileus), may require surgery. The coloredmay in like manner be seriously affected by Cystic Fibrosis.No cure for the disease has yet been put. Cysticfibrosis is the more or less green inherited fatal dis easeof Caucasians, occurring about once in either2500 births. If both parents carry the generesponsible for the disease, they have aone-in-four prospect of having an affected child. In1989, the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis wasidentified on chromosome 7 (out of 23chromosomes). Since that time more than 200different mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene havebeen described, and tests have been developed todetect the most common alterations. These testscan identify unaffected carriers of the disorder.Sickle-Cell Anemia Sickle-Cell Anemia, alsocalled sickle-cell disease, is a hereditary check offwhere hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying protein inthe line of products, is altered, leading to periodicinterruptions in blood circulation. All over theworld. the disease is found predominantly inblacks, of whom round 1 in 400 areaffected it mainly occurs in the US, in the MiddleEast and the Mediterranean area. Symptoms ofthe condition appear at about six months of ageand may include enl argement of the breadbasket andheart and painful swelling of the hands and feet. Inadolescence, sexual development may be delayed.The disturbances in blood flow associated with thedisease also dispose affected persons to infectionsand leg ulcers. These symptoms are due to thealtered hemoglobin, which changes regularize whenthe amount of oxygen in the b... ...vum having 24 chromosomes by a spermatozoon with anormal assortment of 23, but they have also foundthat the sperm can carry the extra chromosome aswell. The abnormal egg cell or sperm is derived froma germ cell in which the bracing of 21st chromosomes lets together and passes into the same sperm orovum kind of of separating. In the type of Downsyndrome called translocation, the extrachromosome 21 material is attach to one of theother chromosomes when some, but not all, of thebodys cells carry an extra chromosome 21, thecondition is a type of Down syndrome calledmosaicism. Down syndrome is not yet antiphonalto medical t reatment, but better medical care ofthe accompanying disorders and infections nowadaysresults in an almost normal life span instead of theprevious life expectancy of about 14 years. Theseverely retarded may still be institutionalized, butmany Down syndrome children are elevated athome, where their full potential can be developed.Although, with an average intellectual age of abouteight years, they continue to need a safety-relatedenvironment, many adults with Down syndromework in sheltered workshops some hold regularjobs in business and industry.