Recommendations to Chief Librarian of the Medical Library Essay

Recommendations to Chief Librarian of the Medical subroutine subroutine library - Essay ExampleHowever, though its base is of DDC it is much more(prenominal) powerful than it. In UDC, auxiliary quests be put to approach pattern so as to indicate various special aspects of a subject and too to point out relationships between objects. We can therefore state that it contains faceted or analytico-synthetic element that has been employ in specialty libraries like medical libraries. Thus, the acceptance virtues of UDC can be considered to be many and gum olibanum its acceptance can be said to be numerous.We would now like to throw some aerial on the development aspects of UDC. It is essential to note that need is the father of invention. Thus, the development of UDC has been taking place since long time based on the requirements as considered essential by the libraries. For example, several(prenominal) crucial aspects have been added to UDC because of the necessity to run the re quirements in the medical library. However, it is essential to note that UDC is not restricted alone to libraries of medical science several other libraries of various disciplines adopt the practice of UDC so as to be confirmed with a more systematic arrangement in the library system.The advantage of UDC is that the documents, which are taken by assortment, can suck the presence of their existence in absolutely any form. The classification can be set on films, sound recordings, video, maps, illustrations, books, journals, ebooks, etc. Thus, the positive aspect of UDC as seen is worth the attention it has taken in the scientific scenario of libraries. The classification of UDC is based on Hindu-Arabic numeral and has its base on the decimal system. In the classification system, either number is being considered as a decimal fraction in which the initial decimal point is omitted, and is used to determine the order of filling. Thus, a very logical and scientific approach is being s alutary in the classification as used in the UDC system. In order to add ease in reading, the UDC gains punctuation after every third digit, For example, if after 11 Medical Sciences comes the subdivisions 111 to 119 beneath 111 Physiology come its subdivisions 111.1 to 111.9 under 111.1 shall come all of its subdivisions before 111.2 occurs, and so on after 119 comes 12. The greatest advantage of this system of classification of knowledge is that its infinite extensibility. This virtue of UDC prevents the disturbance of the library books even after new books touch the library desk. Another advantage of UDC is that the books can be arranged in several main categories. In addition, a document can be classified under a combination of different categories through the practice of additional symbols. The UDC system of classification also presents itself with the advantage of being designed in a behavior that it can readable by the machine. The machine

The Definition of Marriage Is Relative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Definition of Marriage Is Relative - Essay ExampleIn modern Western society this basis for marriage is the most general, but still we cannot exclude the particular of arranged marriages, which were more popular earlier. Recent studies showed that even hundred years ago the most common marriage was the arranged one, when spouses were supposed to be from the same social class, so families usually arranged marriages among their children to combine their capitals. But since the beginning of 20th century this tendency started reducing, when Western- material body society became more liberal and rising young generations didnt allow their parents to arrange their lives (Ghimire at al. n.pag). This Western liberal pattern of marriage is found on the kind of Western society where law principles are predominant in defining several(prenominal) social acts as acceptable or not. These law fundamentals of the society have reduced a significance of religious rituals in recognition of soci al acts as legal or not. This means that its not enough just to be connected with some religious ritual to be considered as married, spouses must to support their promises to each other with the legal act. Besides, the significant feature of marriage is presence of sex activity roles within it. First of all, it is difficult to argue that marriage is a sort of social institution that requires speech population growth into society. As far as liberal Western society started to allow concourse to marry for any reason they want, this caused several social problems. First of all, gender roles within family have changed on that stoppage are no special behavioral standards for man and woman anymore, so this caused increase in pregnancy age among women, because emancipated women put their careers before family (Nock, 14). Another problem of Western liberal social pattern is the allowance of single-sex marriage. This topic is a hot point of discussions within worldwide societies. The con flicts point is that making society extremely liberal Western countries (Europe, USA) have leveled the basic social foundations of marriage equivalent population growth purposes and moral and religious standard of heterosexual couples.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Management - Essay ExampleIt depart also discuss about careen strategies, approaches toward replace, choices and constraints, perspectives as well as the strategic planning tools apply to suit organizational needs in its desire for change. As such it go out appreciate complexities, challenges and processes natural in planning or managing change. The researcher will make use of theoretical frameworks of change, managing change, and other colligate concepts by relying on information sourced from books, magazines, journals and online database. Researcher will also apply these theories in understanding how pee Corporation, a service company establish in Perth, Australia managed in introducing changes to the community after it confronted problem in water supply generation and distribution at a time when Australia confronted drought season. An interview will also be conducted to a representative of the company as part validating the mechanism they prepare employed in resolving the water crisis. Understanding Change and its Drivers Managing change is a developing hearty phenomenon amongst society, community and organization besieged with rapid and constant changes and developments. Groups often feel the need to change structures, processes, or cultures to raze after leverage and advantage. Graetz, Lawrence and Smith (2006) pointed that this is enormously challenging more so in the woof of appropriate mechanism for change in conveying about its needs in implementing changes and the consequential problems or issues associated to these changes. Managing change requires strategic leadership who can logically present development and anticipate responses to potential barriers in implementation as essentials of the nature of change. Members also need to develop sense of adaptability and resiliency for them to maintain their aim of efficiency, productivity, reliability, profitability and effectiveness in service. So, how does expert on managing change perceived un derlying drivers of change? outset Hutton, 2000. A sociable psychologist once argued that change can take place in three stages unfreeze, change and freeze (Lewin 1947). Unfreezing is about preliminary preparation to effect change. This include considering the positive and negative impacts brought by changes. The social theorist posits that change can be analyzed and be facilitated using field force summary (Lewin 1947). The latter refers to the pull and push of the driving and restraining forces for change over a situation considered at a state of stationery social equilibrium. The second stage (Lewin,1947) is the actual change or transition. This is an innate existential movement toward effecting change. This stage is followed with freezing (also called unfreezing), the establishment of certain level of certainty and comfortability after desired change is effected. Lewis (1947) said that informed decisions are vital for change to be socially acceptable. Graetz et. al (2006) expl ained that Lewin theory is based on field theory which posits that an organization is often exposed to two forces stability or increase the potency of change. Graetz et.al (2006) argued that to achieve change, the organization must reduce the forces for stability and increase those whod advocate for change. This is what Graetz et.al (2006) called unfreezing. This dogma thought that the equilibrium needs to be destabilized to discard old behavior and unlearn. Such is applicable for

Selected Motets by Josquin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Selected Motets by Josquin - Essay ExampleJosquin probably born in France across the redact from Hainaut (modern day Belgium) which then belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. According to the article Josquin des Prez which was written by Lora Matthews and capital of Minnesota Merkley, and was published in The Journal Of Musicology, Summer 1998, des Prez was a nickname, and Josquins family name was Lebloitte. Josquin was often identified as a utterer in the Cathedral of Milan in 1459 (Josquin des Pres 1), however, recent information reveals that Josquin did not go to Italy until the early 1480s (Josquin des Prez 3)Some records state that he became a choirboy in the collegiate church of perfection Quentin. His very first lessons in counterpoint were probably given by Johannes Ockeghem, whom he greatly prize throughout his lifetime. This experienced at Saint Quentin are thought to be the composers foundation of his later connections with cut Royal Chapel (Josquin des Pres 4).Josquins first definite record of employment reveals that he was a singer at the chapel of Rene, Duke of Anjou in Aix-en Province. Scholars speculate that he may have transferred to Paris along with the confront of the chapel in 1948. Josquin became a member of the papal choir under Pope Innocent VIII. He spent the late 1490s in France probably in the service of Louis XII and probably retained there until 1503 when Duke Ercole I of Ferrara hired him for the chapel there. Josquin was then forced to return to Italy (Josquin des Prez 5). During his stay in Ferrara, Josquin wrote his more renowned pieces such as the Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae and the setting of Misserere, Psalm 50, for five voices, widely acknowledged as one of his masterpieces. However, his stay in Ferrara lasted only for a year as he went to his hometown in Conde to evade the outbreak of the plague. He reaped immense fame in his hometown until his death in 1521 (Josquin des Prez 6).His CompositionsJosquins works include a variety of musical comedy compositions ranging from masses, mass fragments, motets and chansons. From the list of his work, we can say that he is a prolific composer as he was subject to write 19 masses, seven mass fragments, 60 motets, and 66 chansons (Josquin des Prez 7).Selected MotetsA motet is a contrapuntal composition based on a plain song. In fact, the Latin word for motet describes the movement of the diametric voices against one another. According to Margaret Bent (1997), a piece of music in several parts with words is as minute a definition of the motet as will serve from the thirteenth to the late sixteenth century and beyond. This is in truth very close to one of the earliest descriptions we have, that of the late thirteenth-century theorist Johannes de Grocheio (qtd. in Motet 2).Ave VerumJosquins motet, Ave Verum is typically used in the Holy Communion and Feasts of the Blessed Sacrament. As with his other musical compositions, this motet was written in Latin tex t (Ave Verum1).AnalysisSet in three voices rooted in the traditional Gregorian communion hymn, this motet paraphrases

Organisational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisational Culture - Essay ExampleInvolvement is a very important factor in any place of work. Every unitary needs to feel like they are part of the organization so that they jackpot concentrate all their effort in making the company better. In Denisons model, involvement is one of the components of an effective organization. According to the model, involvement makes people in the organization feel that whatever their input is, it is non taken for granted instead it is used to make the organization better (Denison et al, 104). Involvement should also not target some people in the organization and leave out other. Everyone form the most young worker to the highest ranking official needs to be involved in the day to day racecourse of the company (Parker, 2002).Consistency is another important aspect of an affective organization as proposed by the Denison model. organizational cultures need to be consistent and well coordinated. This way, the core values of the organization wil l be intrench and a positive work attitude created among every employee in the organization (Denison et al, 100). When the organizational culture is consistent, trial the organization becomes very easy and efficient. Employers and employees can come to agreements on certain issues affecting the company scour if they might have divergent points of view. This creates an atmosphere of tolerance and respect which promotes the organizations productivity (Alvesson, 2002). Adaptability is the one-third aspect of an effective organization that Denison explains in his model.

Why Prefabrication housing in form of Volumetric system is not fully Dissertation

Why Prefabrication housing in form of Volumetric system is not full used in UK housing - Dissertation ExampleSoon after the building regulation fare of 1984, verbal expression business faced a leap to comply with the highest standards because of many highlighted deficiencies of traditional construction manners compared to offsite new-made methods. Up to a certain level, U.K. construction companies tended towards offsite construction however, looking back to the supposed rise of volumetrical and hybrid construction methods, limited involvement was observed onwards. Even till the middle years of pull through decade, while U.K. construction requirements had changed their facets over time, offsite construction is still falling in brevity. In fact, during 1999- 2004, involvement of offsite methods vanish somewhere around 2.1% overall and 3.2% among latest constructions (Goodier & Gibb 2005), which raised questions for if volumetric construction methods have not suit U.K. Constructi on business, or it is the lack of proper skill and awareness to establish volumetric construction combat-ready in U.K. industry majorly. It must be noticed that hybrid construction is also quite favorite among the companies that often find out a separate method for a separate segment of their construction design and therefore, concerning to the inexactness of calculation, it is not possible to provide a very exact data for how such(prenominal) prefabrication has made its place among the construction companies (Construction Manager 25 June 2004). For example, a constructor who decides to go for an onsite construction post opt for prefabrication of bathrooms and external walls only, because those segments will cost him less while his calculations may indicate him to opt onsite method for rest, or so. It leads to inquire for what offerings offsite construction methods hold and what restricts them from proposing strong alternatives of traditional onsite construction in U.K. Particul arly for U.K., it becomes to a greater extent bewildering and alarming because prefabrication is very popular among other developed countries that are relying more and more on staff

Plant experiment only methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plant experiment only if methodology - Essay Examplef fertilizers on plant growth by measuring parameters much(prenominal) as shoot height, stem diameter and descent length in dickens groups of the same plant grown over two months one grown with fertilizers, and the other without.In one plot, sixteen equidistant holes were dug to a depth of around 20cm. The spacing between the holes was 0.5m. Into each hole, a lemon spill was placed. The hole was past covered with soil and compacted gently. In the second plot, sixteen equidistant holes were dug to a depth of 20 cm. The spacing between the holes was also 20cm. One seed was placed into each hole, on with a little fertilizer. Caution was observed to ensure the fertilizer did not come into contact with the seeds. The holes were then covered with soil and then compacted gently. The plots were adequately watered each day. After two months, the shoot heights, root length and stem diameter of the plants were measured and recorded. U sing the measurements, the root/shoot ratios were determined for the two groups of plants.The results obtained should stand-in the idea that fertilizers accelerate plant growth by providing the essential nutrients. The measurements made will indicate that the maize plants grown with fertilizers have taller shoots, larger stem diameters and longer roots compared to those grown without fertilizers. The root/shoot ratios for the two groups of plants will not be largely different because the shorter roots are returnd for by the shorter shoots, and taller shoots compensate for by the deeper roots.1. Huifeng, N., et al. 2009. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain phytic acid and protein concentrations in maules quince rice and its variations with genotypes. Journal of Cereal Science

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LAW - Essay ExampleIt is not more than 100 words and focuses altogether on defining the reader what the writer is going to talk about. ADR is one of the subjects of discussion, and the writer starts which the explanation of ADR which withal includes the definition of the same. After having explained the concept, the writer further dwells into the understanding and the functioning of ADR. He argues the advantages and the disadvantages of ADR. It excessively involves the study of contrasting casings of ADR and their functions with regard to the settlement of the disputes. The writer has given a brief explanation of each and every type of ADR and their different approached towards the settlement of disputes. The writer in the third structure talks about Litigation which is also k nown as move Trial. Over here he defines and explains what we really mean by Court trial and how it functions. After having discussed the brief functions of Court Trial, the writer then dwells on the adva ntages and the disadvantages of Court Trial. The writer goes indistinct into the advantages and disadvantages of Court Trial and concludes with the same.Question 2 Question 2 Court Trial and ADR Introduction In Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust, the Court has the following observation All members of the legal profession who conduct litigation should now consider with their clients whether disputes are suitable for ADR.... Despite a lot of negativity having been spread about ADR in recent years, the fact remains that ADR is now the most sought after mode of settling disputes and delinquent to its simplicity it has become the major force to reckon with for lawyers. It was held in the case of Halsey v Milton Keynes the following the courts go out not refuse costs to a successful party unless it was shown that the successful party acted unreasonably in refusing to agree to ADR. The normal order of costs made to the winning party (costs follow the event inexpertly stated the w inner takes all) would not apply if the successful party acted unreasonably. Understanding the point of stead given in the above case, it can be inferred that the Courts made it clear that it would not obligatory on the part of the parties to opt for Arbitration however, in the same proposition Courts do feel that the parties should try their finish best to opt for ADR in settling the disputes. ADR can be divided into two types. The first physique of ADR is resolving and settling disputes outside the official judicial mechanisms. The second edition of ADR is to resolve and settle disputes everyday to official judicial mechanisms. It involves the in black-tie tribunals and informal mediation processes as well as formal tribunals and formal mediation processes. Let us discuss the forms of ADR before we move further. ADR consists of the following means a) Arbitration b) mediation c) Conciliation d) Negotiation All these forms of ADR are extremely popular within the legal professi on. Arbitration is the form of settlement of disputes where the matter is given to an independent party

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Project Management - Essay ExampleBy doing so, it corresponds that the melodic phrase will continuously work towards achieving a stable production process, which gives some predictable results (Adams, Gupta & Wilson, 2003). Furthermore, the integration of the scheme requires that there is an active participation and commitment of all the members of the organization towards achieving perfection. It helps to seek the commitment of the organizations top management towards achieving quality products. Integrating the Six Sigma outline also serves to ensure that a transaction organizations leadership makes decisions based on verifiable information, other than assumptions (Keller, 2001).In the Six Sigma process, seduce in management skills are important. The necessity for such skills is to ensure that those individuals involved in the project are in a position to set the vision and the target of the Six Sigma strategy. Project management skills also ensures that those individuals tak e a leadership role and assists the other stakeholders in consistently applying this strategy in their functional departments, so that the whole organization can move together towards achieving the set targets (Tennant, 2001).Project plans under the Six Sigma strategy provide details about how the project will be accomplished. Such details includes Process age reduction, controlling spending, forecasting with accuracy, risks avoidance, eliminating errors in design and lowering employee absenteeism. The importance of such planning details is to ensure there is consistency in the whole process to achieve the best products and eliminate all chances that whitethorn bring failures or defects (Keller, 2001).In my project, I will study which subjects are performed better at the University, mingled with the science and the humanity categories. Through my research, I want to find out the answers to the following questions What is the nature

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Literature - set about ExampleShe has been judged to be good at her art despite being a woman, because she fosters patriotism, however the poet questions the gray roots of society that mandate the raising of boys as little soldiers and demanding the ultimate sacrifice from women rather than from men. fit in to Cooper (1988147) the poetry Mother and Poet appears to be an bill of indictment of patriarchy. This work of the poet must be examined within the context of her earlier work in Aurora Leigh, where she described the poets act of creation as unity that is invariably attributed to be male, since poets are those who produce poems which are men, if true poems. (Barrett-Browning, AL5,1181, 390-91). However, in the poem Mother and Poet, the male figure of the boys father is dispensed with altogether and the mother appears to be the all encompass figure in the poem, subtly alluding to the need for a resurgence of the importance of females. The entire poem is come to upon the fem ale figure of the mother and the deliberate exclusion of the father figure appears to reinforce an underlying indictment of patriarchy which decries the ability of women to produce poetry, as illustrated in Brownings earlier Aurora poem.The increment awareness of the poet about the tragedy of war is reflected in the poem Mother and Poet. The poet upholds the ideals behind the war, especially in the context of the Italian struggle for independence, and believes that the war is succeeding. But her focus in the poem is on the experiences of Italian women and she has highlighted how women actually give up more than the men, during a war, because the birth pangs of nations will wring us women at length into wail such as this and we sit on forlorn (Barrett-Browning93-94). Even the woman who is open to bear the pains of child birth

Introduction to Business Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Business Accounting - assay ExampleWhile the as at financial position is presented in the Balance Sheet (Statement of monetary Position), a detailed presentation in terms of Revenue generated against the expenditures incurred in that accounting system period is show by the Income Statement (Statement of all-around(prenominal) Income) (Vickerstaff & Johal, 2012).The Statement of Financial PositionAlso commonly known as the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Financial Position reflects as to what is owned by the entity as Assets or imaging as opposed to what it owes to third parties as Liabilities or Payables at that point in time. It also represents Shareholders equity, which is sometimes referred to as Capital, which represents the resources that would remain if a connection disposes all of its assets and settles all of its liabilities (Wood & Sangster, 2005). Some liabilities are to be colonized within the near future (next 12 months) hence, are classified as Cu rrent Liabilities while others with drawn-out period of settlement are known as Non-current or Long term Debts. ... It also represents Shareholders equity, which is sometimes referred to as Capital, which represents the resources that would remain if a company disposes all of its assets and settles all of its liabilities (Wood & Sangster, 2005). Some liabilities are to be settled within the near future (next 12 months) hence, are classified as Current Liabilities while others with durable period of settlement are known as Non-current or Long term Debts. Similarly, some Assets grant a life shorter than of 12 months and are likely to be fully utilized in the companys operations during this time so are classified as Current Assets whilst Non-Current or pertinacious Assets are those that have longer lives and are thus utilized partly in one busy tenure. This utilization is charged as a periodic Expense known as Depreciation which later(prenominal) adds as a component to the Income Statement (Ferraino, 2011). The Income Statement Also known as the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Income Statement in broader terms is a portrayal of how a great deal a company has earned against how much costs it has incurred in order to generate those earnings, eventually formulating the companys profitability for that particular accounting period. While direct operational costs are incorporated as Cost of Sales, other incurred expenses much(prenominal) as Depreciation, Interest, Administration, Taxation, Distribution or Marketing are charged in individual heads, finally prima(p) to the net Profit For the Year. (Wood & Sangster, 2008) Any other unusual or non-operational income can be classified one by one under Other Comprehensive Income, for example income from a Litigation or Gain (or Loss) on disposition of

Shape Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shape Strategy - Essay ExampleThis kind of technology helps to cleanse effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, monetary value, elasticity and service quality of the business entity. IT enabled facilities of the organization help to build up the competitive value of the company by providing consumers with superior services. The achieverful deployment and adoption of IT will enable the company to accomplish success more easily. Five specific aras where IT represents a risk to a companys competitive return The five risks that the company has to consider during the course of its business are the bargaining author of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the scourge of substitute products or services, and threats from new entrants (Mishra, 2012, par. 1). Threat of Entry The entry of new firms to an industry become new ability and a need to gain market share that puts stress on costs, charges and the price of investment essential to compete in the market. Microeconomics just ifies that profitable industries attract new competition until the downward wring on costs has forced our all financial profit from the industries. The most obvious sign of a company deteriorating is its failure to address to IT communications, which is the foundation for the break of the efficiency of IT generally. This vulnerability most frequently manifests itself in insufficient environment management tools, unreliable? old hardware etc. The power of suppliers Powerful suppliers take on a significant part in controlling the price of their products and services by charging high cost for limited services, high costs in general, or changing costs according to different customers. Suppliers are powerful if they are capable of charging differentiated price. Leading IT risk units waste performed extensive research and postulate reached the conclusion that organizations which proactively deal with IT risks reap the most profits and benefits. The power of buyers IT risk most frequen tly occurs during the partition of the enterprise business management to help with oversight of IT in some rational governance structure. The threat of substitutes A substitute product functions similarly to that of the organizations products but only by a different means. Positive IT risk management creates three competitive advantages for an organization. First, there is fewer firefighting. This permits the enterprise to slenderize on more strategic and productive work. Second, the base is better prepared thus freeing personnel, resources and dollars to focusing more on efforts that can increase the price of the product. Third, the project is located in a stronger arrangement than others to charge risk and? therefore? potentially employ chances that others would think too risky. Rivalry among existing competitors assay both downside and upside may happen from globalization, emerging technology, data growth, vendor chain complexities, economic ebbs and flows, client expectati ons as well as compliance supplies. Five specific areas in which IT may support or promote a companys competitive advantage. Threat of new entrants The increased usage of cultivation technology globally has many sides to it? one of which makes the threat of new entrants high. Mainly the entry of new firms has been do possible from the transition of wired technology to wireless? and such related facilities. The power of suppliers Strategic systems have been used to give new facilities to

Small Business and Taxation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Small Business and Taxation - Research Paper eventTaxes on capital or even on profits reduce incentives for businesses to their efforts in investing in new equipment, increasing their levels of return on investment. Most of the assesses resulting to adverse effects include corporate tax and business rates. These taxes also reduce entrepreneurial activity rate within the UK economy. Again, increased taxes on persistence like national insurance to the employers reduce the abilities of small businesses to incorporate new staff. This is said to consequently put across to the reduction of headcount by small businesses, especially due to the high costs that are associated. experimental pieces of evidence linking high labor taxation to increased employment or low employment attend to be very strong. From a global scope, the global economy is said to have recorded an annual contraction in 1946 as its first-class honours degree time. Recessions such as the case of the year 2009 were a rgued to have been the first recession during the globalization error. This happened with a widespread downturn, which spread through global trade as sanitary as the connections of financial markets. The reference work craunch is believed to have been the main factor that triggered the recession (Kirchhoff, 1996). Credit crunch led to the loss of confidence amongst banks within the banking system, especially in the UK.Other effects caused by the credit crunch involved the collapsing pieces of evidence back lending markets, which resulted from high exposure of banks to vulnerable assets like residential mortgage backed securities.

Securities regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Securities regulation - Essay ExampleAs such, it reduces the events of unwarranted lawsuits. Additionally, the regulation is perceivably accurate, owing to its elimination of unjustifiable errors. However, there whitethorn be events of complexity in the preparation of financial statements emanating from this procedure.Besides, the linguistic rules-based regulations usually employ the commonly conventional accounting principles as their accounting foundations. pitch objectives aid in the creation of accurate financial records. There is usually an example that serves as a guideline in the preparation of such financial statements. A significant merit in this principle is the fact that it may be applicable in the effortless creation of financial records in legion(predicate) accounting circumstances as opposed to its rules-based counterpart. However, its key setback may emanate from its lack of supply guidelines, thereby producing inconsistent information, thereby making it difficult in the comparison of dissimilar organizations. Besides, in cases of litigation, the accountants may compel themselves into unwarranted legal

Ethical case study to student in HRM class Essay

Ethical caseful study to student in HRM class - Essay ExampleMr. Hady shall copy to boss. Since the decision has to be taken on time therefore, obeying this will benefit the company, Mr. Phill and himself. This decision will be harmful in two areas first, Mr. Hady would non be qualified to satisfy himself for doing this wrong thing and in case this act causes challenger to lose the opportunity mainly due to crucial information capable to their competitor i.e. Mr. Phill. This decision will be based solely on the discretion of Mr. Hady and without mutual agree of everyone involved. Mr. Hady can give the benefit of doubt of competitors incapability to convince SAGA Engineering focussing as Mr. Phill will extract information after that days presentation is over and competitor already had the chance to present their high points.Avoiding obeying this order would benefit all, though of course may not be in short term. This will satisfy Mr. Hady for not indulging in wrong act. in th at location are chances that they may lose this deal, but will allow the deserved one to take it hence, securing everyones right. Mr. Phill will get a chance to identify areas to polish his skills as nobody is perfect. This will excessively benefit Mr. Phil with secured standing in long term as successful person which will incessantly be at risk anytime if such activity is disclosed. Firm will also be able to secure long term benefit with identification of their capacity to secure certain deals and in case Mr. Phills practice is disclosed it will question firms entire conduct. Moreover, it would be subjugation of MTs right to deal if rival would have done something of the sort.Avoiding obeying this decision will ensure exist rights given to all. Both firms representatives are given equal chance to present their gambling. Hence, winning or losing bid will solely on the basis of ones expertise. In fact, overall, MT or Mr. Phill is in better position as time assigned to them for pr esentation is double

FISH! Philosophy of Teamwork Essay Example for Free

FISH Philosophy of Teamwork tryFISH is a philosophy people around the world are implementing in workplaces and educational facilities to table service foster mutant and groupwork in their business. This philosophy is interesting and has been successful. The founders Stephen C. Lundin, Harry Paul, and John Christensen pulled together to create tercet books on teamwork which are named _ seek, Fish Sticks and Fish Tales._ In these books they give pointers and tell stories of how making work fun and working as a team creates success. (Lundin, Paul, Christensen, 2000) The idea of this philosophy emerged in 1998 from a film produced by John Christensen. The film is about Seattles World Famous Pike Place Market. John translated and depicted finished his film that even in a workplace where fishmongers spent smelly 12 hour shifts stocking, selling, and pugilism fish that nasty things female genitals happen when people accept the invitation to 1) Be There for their co-workers a nd customers, 2) Play, 3) Make someones mean solar day and 4) Choose their attitude about how they show up for work. (Christensen, 2007, p. 1) After the film appeared the book _Fish,_ this has been on the outdo sellers list and translated into 17 different languages. Today the Fish Philosophy has flourished among corporate and educational markets throughout the world. We are zero(prenominal) afraid to use words like love, soul, and spirit because those are an essential give of our humanity. alone these values are plainly as important to businessesWe are on a journey together. (Christensen, 2007, p. 1)Lundin, Paul, and Christensen count that there are four secrets and strategies for a better way to create fun and teamwork in businesses. First, be there for co-workers. The big(p)gest ways to do this is by smiling and acknowledging people musical composition walking by them. enounce hello, converse with co-workers, be friendly and abet co-workers gag. Take the time to liste n to people around the workplace. When comprehend a co-worker non happy, go up to them and give them a pat on the endure and a compliment. Make an effort and try to get to know everyone. Show up for work to garter the team. A team is not a team with people missing. These are all some of the things we bed do to be there for co-workers. These strategies are used worldwide and seem to help. The second strategy is to runaway at work. Playing helps energize the workplace.Some examples of play are telling jokes to co-workers, maybe even crack around appropriate jokes (no personal jokes), saying things throughout the day to help people laugh. Have head days where everybody dresses up differently. Having office riveies helps unite play and team because everyone gets together. Create bulletin boards and decorate the office with fun stuff ensuring everyones involvement. Making work fun helps work to get done and makes people trust to participate in a team. Third, make someones day which is easy to do and makes the team run smoother. some(prenominal) ways to make someones day are as easy as saying hello, complimenting their looks, bringing scorched goods to work, having a trickdy bowl out for others to enjoy, thanking people for the small and often overlooked things they do for us, acknowledging others accomplishments, cosmos nice, and by simply volunteering our time.When working as a team it is very important to remember team means we not I that is why it is so important to help the team work easier. (Morton, 2007) Fourth, get your attitude. Attitude plays an important role in teamwork as well. The good thing about attitude is you can choose a new one. Some ways to keep a positive attitude and help support the team are start each day with a personal positive thought, go to work with a positive attitude, put on a smile, start the day with a laugh or by being helpful, think positive. If you feel yourself getting a bad attitude shift it so it does not affe ct others, be pleasant even if your day is not going well, exit home at home and last walk around, speak to co-workers and wish them a good day. favored teams all over the world are using these strategies and making them work. Some of these teams are Ford take Company, Wells Fargo, Sprint, the U.S. Army, the May O Clinic, Harley-Davison, the National Weather Service and Verizon Wireless. (Lundin, Paul, Christensen, 2000)An article about Verizon Wireless soft on(p) an interest to me. It tells about how the Fish Philosophy has helped the Southfield Verizon Wireless office. Call centers can be tough. Upset and hot customers call with billing and service questions, even problems. They chew up whoever answers the phone and results can hurt the company. They could puzzle loss of customers, revenue, and employees. In a Southfield Verizon office receiving approximately 5,000 calls a day, you would probably expect it to be a stressful and frustrating place to work but due to them applyi ng the Fish Philosophy they say no. Instead the cubicles are decorated with cartoon fish and lessons for employees are taped on construction paper, employees can look forward to special days such as Mardi Gras, Black History and many others. not only are they just all around happy, out of 273 employees, most appear happy. Verizon started using _Fish_ in 2002 and reported results oblige been excellent. There was a significant decline in the call centers complaints. The Southfield Verizon center that uses this philosophy ranks top amongst the companys other 24 four call centers for solving customer problems on the first call. (Morath, 2005)How amazing that a philosophy developed from watching quaky workers at Seattles Pike Place Fish Market rent fun, interact with customers and become a tourist attraction even though very smelly and not the cleanest place, tends to inspire, motivate, and engage employees through a system that makes work fun by rewarding creativity empowering employe es. nearly of all they keep employees and even more important they work as a team. (Morath, 2005) These are just some of the many successful companies using the Fish Principles and this philosophy continue to grow. Teamwork is a vital part of feeling and we apply it everyday. We use it all over the place,why not have fun while doing it. (Tucker, 2007)Doing this research on _Fish_ not only interested me but has taught me a great deal. I have learned some very helpful tips in just this little time and if applied force truly help me not only in my job but with life and lifes struggles. Being part of a team is better than trying to accomplish tasks by oneself. I plan to keep breeding and applying the Fish Philosophy and the four principles Be There, Play, Make Their Day, and Choose the right attitude to enhance my life and work.ReferencesChristensen, J. (2007). _FISH Philosophy What is FISH._ Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http//www.charthouse.com.Lundin, S. C., Paul, H., Christen sen, J. (2000). _FISH_ New York, NY Hyperion.Morath, E. (2005). Fish Philosophy catches on_._ _Michigan Live, 2005_, Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http//www.mlive.com.Morton, B. (2007, August 11, 2007). Team big concept in todays workplace (Final Edition). _Star Phoenix, Saskatoon, Sask, 2007, August_, Pg. F.20. Retrieved August 13, 2007, from ProQuest database. (Document ID 1319529891).Tucker, C. (2007, March 21). Having fun at work and play Fish followers Fish Philosophy helps workers have fun. _York Daily Record,_ p. 6. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from ProQuest database. (Document ID 1240070001).

Chocolate and Brownies Essay Example for Free

Chocolate and Brownies EssayBaking brownies seems easy enough, however impart you ever followed every criterion on the back of the box and werent happy with the outcome? I think we all have done that a number of times. If you want to know how to create the most amazing mouth- watering brownies control reading. You and eitherone who get out get the pleasure of enjoying the brownies wont be disappointed with your new and improved recipe. straggle off by making a grocery list to purchase the items you do non have. The master(prenominal) ingredients are as follows 1 small avocado, 1 cup brown sugar, 1/3 cup pure maple syrup, 2 tbsp sunflower oil, 1 tbsp ground chia seeds, 2 tsp vanilla extract, 2 tsp dark roast cocoa (or instant), 1/3 cup dark chocolate chips, 1 ? cup whole granulate spelt flour, ? cup cocoa powder, ? tsp baking hot powder, ? tsp baking soda, ? tsp Himalayan sea salt. This may seem analogous an extensive list, but trust me, your taste buds allow for be going crazy as short as the first bite is taken.Not only are these brownies going to be a red-hot satisfaction to the chocolate craving many of us wish to fulfill, but the actually are not as bad for you as you may think. The ingredients listed substitute a lot of the ingredients in boxed brownies such as oils and eggs which may leave you feeling guilty after indulging. Ok, so as before long as you have the ingredients needed make sure you are working in a unmortgaged area. Before mixing the ingredients unneurotic preheat the oven to 350F, line an 8 pan with parchment paper, or application with non-stick spray and set aside.In a large bowl, gently smash the avocado with a separate to break apart followed by a hand mixer (you dont want any chunks). The avocado is used as a substitute and for texture, not necessarily for flavoring as youll abide by in the final product you cannot taste it at all. Next, add in the brown sugar, maple syrup, oil, chia, vanilla extract, and cof fee mix this until smooth. Put the large bowl aside and grab a medium one. Sift together the flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.Slowly add these dry ingredients to the wet mix on low with a mixer, or stir by hand until the dry mix is no longer visible. Stir in the chocolate chips, toss in a few extra if youd like. Dump the mixture onto the baking pan, the batter will be extremely thick but do not worry, dipping your spatula into cold water will make it easier to spread out the batter. Once your batter is the way you want it to be in the pan, place it in the oven and let it rig for 20-25 minutes and no more.The batter may be well-favored you mixed signals darn cooking, but I know from experience how shocking it is that 25 minutes could cook it thoroughly considering how thick it is first going into the oven. Try not to open the oven too much while it is cooking, only check on it after about 20 minutes. While the brownies are baking is a great time to clean up the bo wls and spatula you used. Let them soak in hot soapy water because the batter being so thick takes quite a while scrubbing to be completely clean.Also be careful not to make the water too hot, you dont want to be dipping your hand into scalding hot water. Its time The oven has buzzed and you probably cannot wait to peek at your wonderful brownies. Be sure to get oven mitts to remove the dish from the oven, test the center of the brownies with a fork and as long as it comes out clean they are fully cooked. It should come out clean, but if for some reason it hasnt put them back in for no longer than 2 minutes. zero point is worse than an over cooked brownie. Let the brownies cool for 20 minutes before diving in. After the 20 minutes has passed, cut the brownies into the size you desire. I have found a pizza cutter to be the easiest to get through the thick layers of fudge. Youre finished You have just completed the best brownies you will ever experience in your life. Put a large scoo p of vanilla ice emollient on top and enjoy Be sure not to give away your secret to others who will be sure to be envious.

Google Essay Example for Free

Google Essay1.) An API user is given an account but is not able to get wind that account through the interface. The reason beingc. APIuserhasAPIOnlyaccess2.) API allows developers to use applications thatd. InteractdirectlywiththeAdWordsserver3.) Bud would like to test current logic that uses API without modifying his live campaigns. Which tools would allow him to do this?b. AdWordsAPISandbox4.) Which of the following allows advertisers to automate AdWords reporting and campaign management? a. UseofanAPIwebservice5.) What is the get of the API?a. Advertisers crowd out make dynamic changes to their AdWords accounts at scale.6.) If someone wants to make frequent, specific changes to bids based on criteria for more(prenominal) than 100k keywords, what tool is most efficient? b. AdWordsAPI7.) A user clicks on an ad for sneakers. He isnt tell to a page with sneakers. He also receives c. Linktoarelevantpageandremovethepop-up8.) A good come page for spring dresses would presentat ion?a. Severalcolorsofspringdresses9.) A benefit of including a keyword within an ad text is that the keyword will d. Itwillappearboldwithinthead10.) To contrastiveiate ads from competitors advertisers should c. Includeprice,promotionsandacall-to- put through11.) How can advertisers tally the most profitable keywords within a company? b. Comparethecostincurredbyeachkeywordwiththeconversiondataforthatkeyword. 12.) You depend keywords that should trigger your ad but your ad doesnt appear. Why is this? a. Yourcampaigns are rumping a location outside where you are physically located. 13.) You want to increment the position of an ad but dont want to raise the bid. How can you increase ad rank?c. Makechangestoimprovethequalityscoreoftheadskeywords. 14.) Ahigh quality score canb. Improveanadsposition15.) What is the most appropriate action to maintain if your keywords are below the first page bid estimate?a. Considerincreasingthebidoreditingthekeywordtoimprovequalityscore. 16.) You m ake edits to an ad and the position decreases. What was the provoke? d. Theeditedversionislessrelevanttothekeywordswithintheadgroup. 17.) You have the same keyword in two different ad groups. The one to win within an auction sale will be the one withb. Thebestqualityscore18.) To improve the performance of an ad group on a search network, advertisers should create ad groups by creatingb. Keywordsthatarealsoincludedintheadtext19.) In an AdWords account, which statistic is viewable for each ad group? c. Averagecostperclick20.) Which of the following is the recommended action for new mobile ad campaigns? a. Useamobile-optimizedlandingpage21.) An advertiser selling computer monitors is writing new ad text. Which get out of ad text fits AdWords policy?d. 20-70%offLCDmonitors22.) To achieve the best performance of text ads, which is a best execute? c. Includewordslikefindandsearchintheadtext23.) What type of keywords tend to perform better with mobile ads? d. Shortgeneralkeywords24.) A campaign that is targeting desktops is only performing well(p) with text and image ads. The advertisers want to reach mobile devices. They shouldb. Createaseparateadgroupformobileadswithintheexistingcampaign. 25.) If the query Seattle Plumbers is entered, Google will use the location stipulation that is part of the query to show adsa. TargetedtoSeattleregardlessoftheusersphysicallocation 26.) You are running a campaign that targets only France. However, you see clicksfrom users in Switzerland. Why might this happen? a. UsersinSwitzerlandaresearchingonGooglesFrenchdomain 27.) What is the quickest way to add a long list of locations to target in an AdWords campaign? d. Usethebulklinkinthecustomtaboflocationsettings 28.) Why would an advertiser use the bundles option when choosing location targeting? b. Toquicklyselectagroupofcountriesorterritoriestotarget 29.) Which tool allows you to test different combinations of website content for the purpose of improving conversion? c. Website optimizer30.) It is important to identify specific goals of an AdWords campaign so you can c. Makestrategicchangestotheaccounttoimproveperformance 31.) A florist is advertising for five types of flowers, including red roses. When users type the phrase red roses Google shows the ad. What landing is more likely to result in a sale? a. Apageonthesitethatdisplaysonlyroses.32.) Which of the following are key elements when optimizing a landing page for AdWords? b. Relevantandoriginalcontentthatclearlyrepresentsthebusiness. 33.) What report helps you identify which pages on your site should be optimized? d. Toplandingpages34.) A user conducts a laptop computers search and clicks on an ad. Which landing page could be most relevant?d. Categorypagecontainingavarietyoflaptopcomputers.35.) An advertiser can leave behind physical address location information about their business through Google places account. Ads that include this type of info are eligible to show on a. Anynetworksselectedinthe campaignssettings36.) Which feature distinguishes location extension from regional and customized campaign targeting? b. Customizedcampaigntargetingisrequiredinordertoenablelocationextensions. 37.) business enterprise listings in Google places can be

Proving Establish Liability For Each Offence Essay Example for Free

Proving arrange Liability For Each Offence EssayArchie is employed to protect the pheasants on Lord Melchetts estate from poachers. On day, from a distance he sees Liam and Craig on the estate and, knowing them to be poachers, he decides to relieve himself of the trouble for all time and fires his shotgun at them. Both Liam and Craig are only go againsted, however, unless do indispensability to be taken to hospital for treatment. On the way to the hospital, the brakes on the ambulance fail, it leaves the road and overturns on a bend and Liam dies in the accident. With reference to the case situation above, discuss, using decided cases to support you argumentsa) The offences, if all, with which Archie could be supercharged and what the prosecution would need to prove to establish liability for each offence (20)b) And whether you think Archie would be convicted of any offence. (5)a. In relation to the demise of Liam, on that point is the possibility that Archie would be c harged under homicide. Archie carried out the liable(p) actus reus of homicide, w hereby he has committed an unlawful gobble uping in the Queens peace in the county of the realm and terminal occurs within 1 year and 1 day. Although Liam died only in the accident, the main cause for his death was Archie shoot at him. As such, Archie has provided for the cause in fact, according to the but-for test, where if but-for Archie, Liam would not have died. Contrary to R v. White, where the defendants baffle died not from his poisoned drink but from a heart attack, Archie caused Liams death. Furthermore, Archie as well undertakes the cause in law, as Liams wound is both substantive and operative.This is because it was Archies action that caused the injury (substantive) and this injury was still present at the time of Liams death (operative), as in R v. Malcherek Steel, where it was held that original injuries were still an operative cause of victims death. However, it may be argued tha t a Novus Actus Intervenis, an intervening event, caused Liams death and that Archie is not the main cause. This is only partially true, as the ambulances break failure was the cultivation event of the chain of causation and causing Liams death. Yet, Archie endure still be held liable if it can be established that there was a break in the chain of causation, however, there is none. Thus, the ambulance accident was merely a negligent contribution, as in R v. Benge, and Archies act is the cause of Liams death.According to the mens rea of murder, proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily combat injury must be shown, as established in R v. Moloney, holding that intention may be inferred from the defendants foresightedness of consequences. Here, the charge will depend on Archies intention, which might be deduced from the words that he muttered rid himself of the problem for all time. As such, Archie knew the consequences of his actions, and had an intention to tend it out. Yet if this is the case, it must also be considered why Archie didnt actually carry out his apparent intention, to rid himself of the problem for all time, as he did not actually get rid of (ie. kill) them. However, if this is not the case, it can be said that Archies intention can be found if he foresaw death or GBH as a virtually certain consequence, as in R v. Woollin. It is also not known where and the amount of times Archie shot at Liam and Craig, as this would confer an indication of any considerable intention. If Archies shooting was limited, peradventure one or two in the leg, then it can be said he had no intention to kill, but just an intention to frighten.If he only had an intention to frighten, then his act is already an unlawful act in itself, as it is dangerous and is foreseeable to cause harm. This is true with Archie, and he also had the intention to commit the unlawful act, as in R v. Lamb, where the defendant did not have the mens rea to kill, but only to shoot t he gun. Archies act was also dangerous, likewise in R v. Church where it was held that dangerous would pixilated a reasonable man realizing the risk of creating some harm. In DPP v. Newbury Jones, it is said that if the accused intentionally commits a dangerous and unlawful act, causing harm or incidentally, the death, of some other, he is then guilty of constructive murder. Therefore, in relation to Liams death, Archie can be liable for constructive manslaughter.In relation to the injuries sustained by Craig, there is the possibility that Archie will be charged under divide 20 of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861. The actus reus required here is merely wounding, as defined in JJC v. Eisenhower as breaking of the skin(skin here meaning any coat of the human body) or inflicting grievous bodily harm. The mens rea necessary accommodates a malicious intention and a foresight of physical harm. This foresight must involve the possibility of some physical harm to a person, as in R v. Mowatt. Archie, thus fulfills both the actus reus and mens rea for S20 of the OAPA.However, Archie may also be charged under Section 47 and Section 42. Under S47, Craig has to be seen to have sustained actual bodily harm, defined in R v. Miller as any harm calculated to interfere with persons health and comfort. Under S42, Archie has to be seen to put another person in fear of immediate personal violence and has touched another without their consent. If this can be established, Archie would be liable for Section 20 (Offence involving wounding/GBH), Section 47 (Common assault, bombing GBH) and Section 42 (Assault battery) of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861.b. In the case of Liams death, Archie would be charged for murder. However, this is rather difficult to prove, as the mens rea required for murder involves proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm as established in R v. Moloney. Thus, he would not be convicted of murder, but rather spontaneous manslau ghter, with constructive liability.As for Craigs injuries, Archie would be charged under Section 20 of the OAPA. Further charges might include Sections 47 and 42. The conviction under Section 20 is undeniable, but for Section 47 and 42, it is only super plausible.

The Key Aspects Of Current Legislative Requirements Essay Example for Free

The Key Aspects Of Current legislative Requirements EssayI am new to the teaching environment so I have had to regard the different aspects of the current legislative requirements. I follow a lot of different requirements, such as the disability discrimination, sex discrimination and race relations acts. These things are covered by ensuring the course is gettable to all and that different resources are available or adaptable to suit learners differing needs. The key Aspects of current legislative requirements and codes of practice relevant to the fitted interiors subject areHealth and safetyProtecting yourself and others against risks to health and safety in any work that is required, is top priority in any type of workplace. I provide all my students with the PPE needed for the job we are undertaking, like goggles, earplugs etc. Boots, overalls hi-viz are worn at all times in the workshop. Criminal Records Bureau CheckA Criminal Records Bureau check enables an organizatio n in the public, private and voluntary sectors to make safe recruitment decisions by identifying candidates who may be unsuitable for real work, especially that involve children or vulnerable adults. Beyond tutors are required to have a CRB to ensure a satisfactory back ground to work with the students. Equal opportunitiesTo protect the rights of students, regardless of age, race, gender, disability or sexual orientation, ensuring the course is available to all. Data protectionData Protection applies to anyone who handles or has access to delicate information about individuals. The sensitive records we keep are kept in a locked filing cabinet.

Online Billing System Essay Example for Free

Online explosive charge System EssayPOS, Inventory System, Networking and Web Based System are one of the most recyclable schemes for the company. Nowadays, because of our technologies its easy to transfer the different information in different branch of company with the help of our computers and withal the system.Almost all businesses use a POS process. There are many reasons for this. Many businesses halt multiple locations. POS shtup help to automate transactions and it mountain records all the sales in the brass or we bottomland say it can use it to make transaction easier. Every employee can also see all the transaction that has been made.Inventory System can be used for transactional updates or it can view all the available stocks and display out of stock products or items. Inventory System can have many advantages and are suitable in availability and display the in and out of stocks products.Networkings usually use to connect the POS and Inventory system to all branches of the CreamlineDairy Corporation. Web Based System has many advantages and is preferable in POS, inventory and networking particularly notifying your outstanding sale. The company have been encountering some problem in terms of no link depot and main plant. They want to connect to the other branch, or we can say they want to view their point of sale and inventory system to their entire branch.The purpose of our system is to let every branch of Creamline be updated to the transactions of sale by the help of networking. The develop system will be a great help to the employee but of course for the manager even if they are not in the organization. Creamline Dairy Corporation located at Unit 701 Prestige tower condominium, F. Ortigas junior Ave.(Fromely Emerald Ave.), Ortigas Center Pasig City 1605 Philippines.Creamlines plant and head office is located at Bldg. 5210, C.M. Recto Highway, Clark FreeportZone, Pampangga.

Target Area by Peter Roberts Essay Example for Free

laughingstock Area by Peter Roberts EssayPeter Roberts Target Area is an influential poem that exposes the reality of war. The poem depicts a barrage mission targeting an enemy village, graduation exercise with the entry of the bomber into the target area and ending with its escape. Peter Roberts gives a vivid description of the bombing raid from the perspective of the bombardier. Roberts describes what the bombardier endures, observes, hears, and encounters during the raid.The theme of the poem is the sights and sounds of war throughout the eyes of the bombardier. Peter Roberts expresses this by compose how the bombardier feels during the raid, they gestate us First a couple then a third, then dozens of them wish well a giant bird This simile generates the put up that he feels scared and hesitant. Peter Roberts foc workouts on received words to create an image in our minds beyond the tireless searchlights bound for home, along the cloud-strewn way that we have come.The structure of the poem consists of three different components the first section describes the anxiety of a bombing mission. The help describes targeting the area and the third, describes flying home. This type of poem is a ballad. The poem is unique because it explains in detail, what would have happened e actuallywhere a series of minutes. Each stanza has its own mental picture, the third and forth stanzas are longer to produce the effect that when your about to die time slows down. The poem flows with rhythm all the way through it. It is a very anxiety filled piece and shows how people are affected by war.Peter Roberts uses a confused amount of different proficiencys to create an effect for the outcome of the poem. Each technique generates a mood for the poem. Left-left Left-left again A little ri-i-ight . . . . . This produces the sense of urgency and creates alarm. While the sentence streams of orange tracer, streams of red, gives a sense of imagery, and assembles a picture in your mind. The effect of pauses also creates a mood. And still they have that gritty, tearing sound . . . The use of the pause here lets you think and obtain all the information.Throughout the poem different kinds of poetic technique are used, the mainones are Personification, The groping fingers claw the moonless night this personification gives a detrimental feeling. Along with with dazzling beams of rigid, icy light creates the mood of cold icy death. Metaphor, across the velvet mantle of the dark creates the feeling of terror, no hope. This section also creates a sense of anxiety and fear. Bombs gone A dull vibration as they go. Below us in the darkness, far below This Assonance adds the effect that bombs have been dropped.Peter Roberts has chosen to make each pair of lines rhyme the heavy bomber starts to billow and dip, writhing within their cold remorseless grip. An Example of Onomatopoeia in the poem is Crrr-ump Crrr-ump Theyve got our range the heavy flack is burstin g into puffs of sooty black The reader can then interpret the sentence, imagine a sound and how it would be on board.The poem Target Area is primarily a graphic description of a wartime experience. The acceptable issue about this poem is that you can feel the tension as the searchlights wave across the fling in search of the bomber, undergo the rumbling of the bombs exploding, and experience the relief as they complete their mission.

Objectification of women Essay Example for Free

Objectification of women EssayShould prostitution be legalised and monitored or illegal and unmonitored?Main ArgumentsPrimoratz whats wrong with prostitution? ( Vol. 68, No. 264, Apr., 1993 )Nussbaum taking money for bodily servicesYolanda Estes moral reflections on prostitutionSourcesThe philosophy of wake contemporary readings, Alan Soble and Nicholas.P.Power, Rowman Littlefield, Jan 1, 2002Prostitution and pornography philosophical debate about the sex industryCharges against prostitution an try on at a philosophical assessment, Chicago journals, Vol. 90, No. 3, Apr., 1980 Lars.O.Ericsson instaurationduction and thesisI bequeath understandably state how my argument leave be structured for prostitution through the heterogeneous articles and philosophers I pose studied. I shall also outline how I will come to my conclusion.BodyAn outline of my basic arguments will be presented with supporting sub arguments, these will include all the above references. I will go for bot h Primoratz and Nussbaum to back up my conclusion. I will then evaluate and analyse their arguments in edict to further support my view for prostitution. Then I will touch sensation at views that are strange to the legalisation of prostitution through Yolanda Estes who defends Kantian ethics. later evaluating this I will come up with various responses.ConclusionLook at objections I was unable to argue against as lack of space, also gestateat my overall argument and see implications of accepting the conclusion.Essay planAlthough we are sometimes warrant in withdrawing or withholding life sustaining treatment for someone who is terminally ill and suffering, we could never be justified in killing such a person? Critically discuss the claim?IntroDefine what passive and active euthanasia are and their basic differences, Discuss the various arguments that you will look at and show your point of view for the seek State the part of the world that you will be discussing, both the us a nd ukMain bodyBody will be split into two main(prenominal) arguments, my first argument will discuss the moral difference between killing and letting a person die. I will use various references and examples from the articles and books noted. My argument will attempt to show that their buttocks be no yes or no answer to the question as each case is truly specific and should be taken on its own merits and not by one law. I will then look at various examples where courts have both ruled for and against passive and active euthanasia, critically discussing the decisions and as to weather they were morally permissible. I will then attempt to add a philosophical standpoint such as utilitarianism or Kantian ethics to further prove my original argument. After this I will also add counter arguments and attempt to provide possible responses in regulate to strengthen my argument.ConclusionHere I will summarise my viewpoint and show various arguments that I may have added if I had more space . I will then attempt to finish my essay with a quotation from one of the various articles that both agrees with and summarises my stance.Books and articlesEuthanasia and physician assisted euthanasia, (Gerald Dworkin, Cambridge University Print, August 28 1998) Euthanasia a reference handbook Jennifer Fecio Mcdougall, Martha Gormen, 2008) Euthanasia death with dignity and the law, Hasel Biggs, Hart publishing, jan 1, 2008) Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (why active euthanasia should be allowed, article, 2001, navlo, Brithish medical journal)

Inter-American system of human rights protection Essay Example for Free

secrete-Ameri tummy schema of homophile comely(a)s protection Essay benignant being Rights atomic number 18 certain inherent, inalienable, immutable, inviolate freedoms and rights of man which no one give the sack rec each(prenominal) away. These include the right to life, liberty, re holdity and dignity. The unite solid grounds of America recognizing these rights established the Inter American system of adult male Rights by adopting the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and the American Convention on Human Rights. pursuant(predicate) to the adoption of these instruments the Inter American c atomic number 18 on Human Rights and the Inter American act of Human Rights were established to promote and protect Human Rights of individuals. PART A1. It is pertinent to note that the Inter American billing on Human Rights primarily slangks to promote consciousness about Human Rights amongst the people of the country. Its functions primarily include rece iving complaints, analyzing and investigating them. It has powers of observation and collection of data regarding Human Rights violations in the member cites. It can in like manner visit on site and conduct seminars and meetings to promote awareness regarding Human Rights. When a complaint is referred to the counseling, it can after conducting its investigation and analysis publish a work and turn on it to the allege.This report is recommendatory in record and not mandatory. Hence the Commission can only recommend that the evince take due rule of the human rights violations and take appropriate reparatory measures. In the alternative, the Commission can try out opinion from the Inter American judiciary of Human Rights. So also, in the pre move content, the Commission has no powers to follow up the legality fixed down by the State of Colorado but can only request the State to take precautionary measures so as to ensure that human rights are not infringed upon. 2.With r espect to the second question, it is seen that as per Article 2 of the Statute of the Inter American solicit of Human Rights, the Court has adjudicatory jurisdiction vis a vis a human rights violation brought before it by the Commission or any process State of the Organization of American States. The said Article refers to Articles 61-63 of the American convention on Human Rights which all the way state that the Court can drift the State to allow the human being to enjoy his human right and also order for either monetary or non monetary compensation for the injury so caused.Such an order passed by the American Court would be binding on the State. The provision advertise clarifies that in lawsuit an act or omission on the part of the State would cause irreparable loss to the person, the Commission can take such provisional measures to ensure that the irreparable loss is not caused. It would thus transpire that in the present contingency, the Inter American Court of Human Righ ts can enforce the law requiring the Colorado State police to arrest an individual disobeying the restraining order. 3. In the present eggshell mixed provisions of the various human rights enactments are violated.The Commission can primarily seek to apply Articles 1, 5, 6, 9, 18 24 of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. Article 1 of the American Declaration states that all persons fork over equal right to life, liberty, and personal security. Article 5 6 deal with a persons right to protection of self as closely as family. Article 9 talks about a persons right to inviolability of home while 18 24 talks of fair trial and the right to approach the court for remediate. A brief reading of the petition tells us how each of these rights have been violated by omission to act on the part of the State.These clauses are applicable even if the get together States have not ratified this Declaration. Further Article 11 of the American Convention on Human Rights wh ich deals with a persons right to protect his honor and home and also gives him the right to seek judicial remedy in persona of infringement is another provision that the Commission can consider and apply to this finical eccentric. According to the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons, a duty is laid on the State to punish those persons or their accomplices who commit the crime of forced disappearance of others.This clause has been violated by the married man of the prayer who allegedly kidnapped their daughters and the police department can be held liable as they stood mute spectators to the wholly thing. Article 7 of the Convention of Belem do Para (the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, penalty, and Eradication of frenzy against Women) condemns all forms of violence against women and seeks to punish such persons who have committed such crimes by enacting proper laws and proper investigation.The Convention also requires that the State shoul d enact and adopt such laws which ordain help refrain a person from committing such acts of harassment and also ensure that persons who are victims of such violence are assumption timely and proper hearing. This is a right guaranteed to all women and more so to women who are victims of domestic violence. The police in this particular courting having full knowledge of the fact that the petitioner was a victim of domestic violence chose to ignore her pleas and thereby ignore this provision. 4.Prior to considering the kind of jurisdiction that the Inter American Court of Human Rights would have in this present case, it is necessary to list the basic kinds of jurisdiction available to the Court in general. legal power of the Inter American Court is broadly classified into Provisional, Advisory and Adjudicatory or contentious Jurisdiction. In provisional jurisdiction, the Court has the power to act in pips that are grave and imperative and require immediate intervention without wh ich grave harm shall be caused to the victim (Buergenthal, 1982, p.241).In Advisory Jurisdiction the Court can give its opinion on the various provisions of the Convention as well as other treaties and also opinionate on the compatibility of the domestic law with any treaty (Buergenthal, 1982, p. 242). In order to avail the adjudicatory or contentious jurisdiction is concerned, it is necessary that the member States subject themselves to the jurisdiction of the Inter American Court (Pasqualucci, 2003, p. 88). It is also necessary for the Convention or treaty in question to designation the jurisdiction to the Court.An illustration to explain this point would be that the Inter American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women very clearly states that the Commission has only advisory jurisdiction and no contentious jurisdiction in respect of complaints filed under its provisions (Pasqualucci, 2003, p. 91). The jurisdiction clause also states t hat the Inter American Court cannot naturally assume the role of an appellate authority. It cannot make right any wrong finding of the national courts.However, if there is a perfect(a) violation of the human rights enshrined in any treaty and if this gross violation were to cause irreparable harm to the individual, hence the Inter American Court may throw in and record that the proper procedures as laid down in the treaties were not followed. In the present case, the United States by virtue of having ratified the American Convention, has accustomed people the individual right to approach the Commission for violation of human rights.However, this jurisdiction in advisory in nature and not adjudicatory as it has not yet subjected itself to the jurisdiction of the Inter American Court. Thus any person through the Commission can seek the advisory jurisdiction of the Inter American Court even if the Member State has not subjected itself to the jurisdiction of the Court (Buergenthal, 1982, p. 244) 5. Procedurally, the Commission on receiving a petition shall initially register it and see if it has complied with all the rules of procedure and if the petition does not comply wherefore the Commission testament send it brook to the petitioner so as to ensure compliance.Once the petition conforms to the rules then the Commission shall then send relevant parts of the petition to the State for its retort, for which the State is given two months time. However, in serious and urgent cases, the State is asked to respond immediately. This is done to ensure the veracity of the petition and to ensure that the petition still subsists. The bang may also require the State to present its observations on the admissibility and merits of the case at hand.Once the observations of the parties are submitted or the time period given to each party has lapsed, the Commission will verify the merits of the case based on the facts before it and decide whether to admit it or reject it . In the present case too the Commission should first satisfy itself as to the compliance of all the rules of procedure and then seek observations from the State and other parties concerned. 6. The Commission will then confirm as to whether the petitioner has exhausted all the available domestic remedies.However, in cases where the domestic legislation does not provide for due process of law or where the petitioner is refrained from pursuing domestic remedies then the above provision does not hold true. The Commission has to ensure that the petition before it has been filed within six months of receipt of the decision of the domestic remedy. In this case the petitioner has exhausted all the possible domestic remedies and has not been successful in the same. The Supreme Court of the United States has also rejected the petition of the petitioner and has passed its final judgment in the matter.The Commission should then decide on the admissibility of the petition by setting up a workin g group. In the present case, it is seen that the Commission has held the petition admissible. When the Commission finds a petition admissible it creates an admissibility report that is made public and the case is then registered and the parties are notified of the same. After the case has been registered, the Commission invites additional observations in writing from all parties concerned. A time limit for submitting these observations is set by the Commission.In some cases, the Commission can also collect a hearing to enable the parties to present their points of view. In this case too, the Commission has opened the case and the parties are informed about the same. Additional observations have been requested from the parties and the Commission has in fact convened a hearing. In this case, the United States government has responded by stating that it has taken proper and adequate measures to combat domestic violence and that the remedies in the domestic judicial system are adequat e to tackle the problem.In the hearing the Petitioner will be able to present her case before the Commission in person. After hearing the case of both sides and also after going through the written observations submitted by both parties, the Commission will deliberate on the merits of the case and formulate a report. 7. The first document that the Commission publishes in response to a case is the admissibility report wherein it admits the case and registers it. This report has already been published by the Commission and has been sent to the parties concerned.The Commission has then convened a hearing on the issue and will deliberate on the case after the hearing. The next important document that the Commission publishes is the Preliminary report on the merits of the case. This report contains the prior observations and the recommendations of the Commission. 8. If the Commission feels that there is no violation, then the report is published and sent immediately to all parties conce rned. In case the Commission feels that some provisions have indeed been violated then a front report is made and sent to the State along with the recommendations proposed by the Commission.9. In case the State complies with the recommendations given in the preliminary report, the Commission will notify the petitioner as to the same. However, in cases where the State does not comply with the same, the Commission can approach the Inter American Court for adjudication. However, in the present case as the United States has not subjected itself to the jurisdiction of the Court, the said remedy is not available to the Commission in case of non compliance.In the present case, the Commission should deliberate on the observations sent by the parties, investigate on site to determine the veracity of the facts, interview the various concerned individuals and then send its preliminary report to the State along with its recommendations. If the State fails to comply with the same within three m onths of it being sent, the Commission then has to issue a final report that contains its opinion, final conclusions and final recommendations.The Commission should then send it crossways to all parties concerned and make a note of it in its Annual report. The Commission should take energetic steps in terms of follow up to evaluate the actual compliance of the recommendations by the parties. 10. In this present case, if the Commission publishes its preliminary report wherein it holds that there has been violation of human rights and recommends certain precautionary measures to the State then it would mean that the petition has succeeded partially.By partially, it is meant that the violation has been recognized by the Commission. However, for the petition to succeed completely, the State has to comply with the recommendations given by the Commission. If the State refuses to accept the recommendations of the Commission, then the petition would have failed as the petitioner has not a chieved any major reliefs but has only obtained a theoretical order that envisages the ideal situation vis a vis human rights.

The Halot, Elizabeth-Jane and Their Gender Roles Essay Example for Free

The Halot, Elizabeth-Jane and Their Gender Roles EssayDont be the fille who fell. Be the girl who got back up.-Jeanette Stanley. The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy introduces the reviewers to Elizabeth-Jane and Lucetta, two girls of some(prenominal) different means personalities. The comparison by Thomas Hardy of Elizabeth-Jane and Lucetta reveals two different sides of the gender barriers that faced little women in the 1800s. This comparison shows that Hardy is an early feminist. This is shown done examining each girls respective personality, their friendship, how each handles it, and the gender role side that each atomic number 18 portraying. Elizabeth-Jane is the books heroine. She is the daughter of Susan and Henchard. Elizabeth- Jane is quiet and shy. Elizabeth-Jane besides cares a large amount virtually doing whats proper. She worries around her friend Lucettas reputation, and how to fix it. Elizabeth- Jane is an complete impregnable person. She suck in ks to better herself by stu dying(p), Knowledge-the result of great natural incite- she did not lack chooseing, fulfillments-those, alas, she had not (Hardy 82).Elizabeth-Jane has this high temperature to learn more that the reader does come to admire about her. She is not too concerned about purpose a man to marry. Elizabeth- Jane seems content to provided learn and be alone. However, when it comes to Elizabeth-Jane and men, the reader see an wholly new side of her. When Lucetta effectively replaces her in Farfraes mind, she just lets it go and goes on with her life. Yes shes soused for about five chips but in the end she just leaves and moves on. It is this f shape that makes it hard to root for Elizabeth-Jane in the end. On the entirely other side the reader encounters Lucetta. Lucetta is Elizabeth-Janes exclusively friend in the world. She is worthless and petty. Lucetta is Henchards former whopr. She was teen and naive. She blabbed her mouth e realwhere and with the help of Michael Henchard dilapidationed her reputation.This left her in ruin and she wrote a ton of love notes to him. All of this happens because he promises to marry her. The most important thing to realise about Lucetta is that she is a manipulator. She will cry in order to ticktack what she wants from men. In this regard she is undimmed and the reader looks upon her with both(prenominal) disgust and admiration. The reader sees Lucetta for one of her more human qualities as follows, Bring me a looking glass. How do I appear to people? She asks languidly. Well- a little raddled, answered Elizabeth-Jane (161). Lucetta is well aware that once her beauty is gone, she will never be able to find other man to marry her. She as well knows that she has two choices if she wants to remain proper, she cease stay single because she has been ruined or she can marry again and hope that her past never comes back to haunt her. This then leads the reader to the realization that she will not only do anything to get a man but she in like manner will do anything to keep her scandal in the past. This includes stepping on her friend in order to accomplish this. This form of her personality is not surprising, given the time period.Now theres the friendship amidst Elizabeth-Jane and Lucetta. This unlikely friendship starts out in a grave yard, specifically at Elizabeth-Janes mothers grave. some(prenominal) of these fresh women are there for really different reasons Elizabeth-Jane is having a pity party because Henchard was mean to her, and Lucetta is finding out if Susan is really dead because she is still after Henchard at this point in the book. From this meeting Elizabeth-Jane gets both a friend and a new place to live. As this friendship grows, it go painfuls clear how differently both of these young women approach friendship. Elizabeth-Jane listens to Lucetta vent about her affair, This person- a lady- once admired a man much- very much, she said tentatively. Ah, said Elizabeth-Jane (160).Elizabeth-Jane doesnt judge her she listens to her and tries to help Lucetta. On the other hand, Lucetta doesnt act like a soundly friend, at least not by the readers parameters. She does try however, My husband is downstairs. He will live here till a more suitable house is ready for us and I have told him that I want you to stay with me just as before (200). Lucetta is so cloaked up in herself, and the fact that she found a way to remain respectable that she doesnt hear just how terrible that statement really is in regards to Elizabeth-Jane. She figures that all she had to do to remain a good friend to Elizabeth-Jane is make sure she still has somewhere to live. That by the readers definition is not a good friend. This leads the readers to the gender role sides each Elizabeth-Jane and Lucetta are on.Elizabeth-Jane is the modern women according to Hardy. She wants to learn and become more intelligent. Elizabeth-Jane also by the end of the book becom es independent and able to take care of herself and Henchard. The readers see this independence when she says, Father-I will not leave you alone like this She cried. May I live with you, and lead upon you as I used to do? I do not mind your being poor. I would have agreed to come this morning, nut you did not ask me (278).Elizabeth-Jane doesnt ask her father if she can come with him, she tells him that shes coming with him. Over the book she has gained enough gumption that she no longer cares what Henchard wants, Elizabeth-Jane only cares about what he needs. It is for this fact that the readers can classify Hardy as an early day Feminist. He portrays Elizabeth-Jane as the only character with any redeemable characteristics. She grows over the course of the books, when the person that she is compared with dies a very stereotypical death for a woman in the 1800s.Lucetta is a complicated individual. The reader has a love hate relationship with her when it comes to the side shes on for gender roles. Lucetta does embody the perfect 18th degree centigrade women. She understands that she has to fix the scandal that rocked her life. Lucetta also understands that she needs to get a man to marry her and keep him with her no matter what. One of the ways she guarantees this is, He knew his wife was with child (266). Lucetta gets pregnant. The thinking behind this is that Farfrae cant leave her pregnant and still keep his business and reputation intact. This is a classical move for her, which fits inwardly the gender role that has been set up for her.Lucetta also uses varying forms of manipulation on people end-to-end the book. The first of such is, youre probably aware of my arrangement with your daughter, and have doubtless laughed at the-what shall I call it- practical joke (139). with this sincere statement Lucetta is doing her best to lure Henchard over to her house. She knows that things are bad between him and Elizabeth-Jane, and saw an opportunity to make a mo ve to right her ruined reputation. Lucetta is quite good at making people do what she wants. This fact is more telling than any of the other things she does in the entire book of how this young girl was raised.The other part of Lucetta proving that she is the perfect 18th century young women is what she does when she thinks her secret is getting out. She does as follows, She stood motionless for one secondthen fell heavily to the take aback (260). Instead of dealing with the fact that her scandal had come back to haunt her, Lucetta simply falls to the floor. This is a normal reaction to things like this for young women in the=is time period. It was expected of them. The men had decided that women were so fragile that they couldnt really handle much. In the end Lucetta dies from a severe miscarriage. This could have been helped if Lucetta had just faced her scandal and lived with the consequences. Hardy used Lucetta to show the readers just where lying, manipulation and running away from things get them. Lucetta is a well-used character when it comes to understanding the complex gender roles of the 18000s.In conclusion the reader can learn a lot about gender barriers from reading Hardys novel. It is the comparison of Elizabeth-Jane and Lucetta that gives the reader a clear look into exactly what they faced in regards to gender barriers. It is this specific comparison that opens the readers eyes to the fact that hardy is an early day feminist. The reader can see this the clearest when reading about Elizabeth-Jane. She is shy and simple in the beginning of the book, by the end however she is strong and independent. Elizabeth-Jane does go through a transformation into the bright young women that Hardy is trying to demonstrate. Then the reader has Lucetta, she is petty and simple minded. Lucetta is also the perfect 18th century young women. She has been raised to use the gender barriers to her advantage.Lucetta faints when things dont go her way, she manipulates m en into doing what she wants till she doesnt want them anymore, and she keeps secrets and lies no matter what. In the end she gets what she deserves, Lucetta dies having a miscarriage. She faints and panics when it looks like her scandal is going to be revealed to her husband and the entire town. Once she faints, she starts to miscarry and ends up dying because of it. This fact is Hardy telling the readers that if you lie and manipulate people than you will lose in the end. The comparison of these two young women makes it clear how hardy felt toward women.He thought that women were worth a second look they could learn and be smart. They didnt have to just be a piece of work up candy for men to parade around whenever they wanted to. To embody this he portrays Elizabeth-Jane as the modern young women and Lucetta as the stereotypical 18th century young women. Throughout the book the readers root for both Lucetta and Elizabeth-Jane. By the end of this book however they are rooting for Elizabeth-Jane to come out on top and are secretly glad that Lucetta has died. The good news is that in the end Elizabeth-Jane is the girl who fell by she is also the girl who got back up and became something better than before.

Burkitt Lymphoma Essay Example for Free

Burkitt Lymphoma actBurkitt Lymphoma was mapped out in geographic distribution across Africa by Dr. Denis Parsons Burkitt (Huang 2005). This disease is a advanced bod B- cubicle neoplasm, which has two major forms the autochthonal (i. e. African nature) and the non-endemic (i. e. sporadic nature). Burkitt Lymphoma is mainly found as childhood tumor, only it is, withal, observed in adult patients (Huang 2005). This Lymphoma type is one of the double-quick growing malignancies in humans, and it has a postgraduate growth fraction (Huang 2005).Burkitt Lymphoma is a monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes that is characterized by small non-cleaved cells is appe bed to be uniform in appearance (Huang 2005). It produces a diffuse pattern of tissue involvement. While under the microscope, this lymphoma is characterized by the presence of a starry sky appearance due to scattered macrophages with phagocyte cell debris this is observed in other high-pitchedly prolife aim lympho mas, as well (Huang 2005).The African form of this lymphoma most often involves the maxilla or mandible and the involvement of abdominal organs, for instance the kidneys, ovaries, and retroperitoneal structures, but is somewhat less common (Huang 2005). On the contrary, the sporadic form involves the abdominal organs distal ileum, cecum, and mesentery. The involvement of pelvic organs or facial nerve bones is rare (Huang 2005).The majority of Burkitt Lymphomas carry a translation of the c-myc oncogene from chromosome eight to the immunoglobulin (lg) heavy-chain component on chromosome fourteen (t 814)or a light-chain loci chromosome two (t 82)or chromosome twenty-two (t 822) (Huang 2005). Within the African form of Burkitt Lymphoma, The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated strongly and the relationship in the sporadic form is less hit (Huang 2005). Epstein-Barr virus is associated in approximately twenty percent of sporadic cases. The rare cases in adult are usually ass ociated with immunodeficiency, predominantly AIDS, respectively (Huang 2005).Some shed reasoned, the host is unable to generate adequate T-lymphocyte response or Epstein-Barr specific cytoxic T-cells (Huang 2005). This subsequently results in excessive B cell proliferation. The lymphocytes take on receptors especially for the Epstein-Barr virus and are the specific targets (Huang 2005). In the African form, the hosts are believed to be unable to increase a competent immune response to primary Epstein-Barr infection. This is possible due to coexistent malaria or other infections that are immunosuppressive, also (Huang 2005).Burkitt Lymphoma is an extremely rare cancer in the United States, with only 100 new cases each year. However, Burkitt Lymphoma is endemic in many regions of equatorial Africa and other tropical regions between latitudes 10 south and 10 north. The frequence of this cancer in these endemic regions is 100 per million children (Huang 2005). The male-to-female ra tio is 2-31, and the most common a in children is seven years of age is the spurious in African, eleven years of age is the current mean outside of Africa (Huang 2005). Prior to aggressive therapeutic treatment program, children with Burkitt Lymphoma died rapidly.However, with a combination of chemotherapy and CNS prophylaxis the survival rate has increase to at least sixty percent and patients with a limited disease now moderate a ninerty percent chance of survival (Huang 2005). Patients with bone marrow and CNS involvement piss a poor prognosis. Adults with the disease, especially those in the advanced stage, do more poorly than affected children (Huang 2005). In the African form, patients most often present swelling of the mandible and other facial bone with the ease of teeth, and swelling of the lymph nodes, which pay back rapid growth below the mandible (Huang 2005).Patients who have the sporadic form are commonly presented with abdominal tumors that cause swelling and pa in in the affected area few patients have symptoms of bowel obstruction that is caused by tumor growth (Huang 2005). Burkitt tumors growth is tremendously rapid in nature, and patients have evident metabolic derangement and renal function impairment and may include epidural mass, undress nodules, central nervous system symptoms, and bone marrow involvement (Huang 2005). Rare cases of Burkitt lymphoma can present penetrating leukemia with fever, anemia, bleeding, and adenopathy (Huang 2005).Foremost indicators of Burkitt Lymphoma include soft tissue mass associated with involvement of the mandible, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, abdominal masses, and ascites (Huang 2005). Moreover, the lease cause and mechanisms of this lymphoma are presently unknown. It is important that Burkitt Lymphoma is high-flown from other abdominal tumors in childhood, such as Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (Huang 2005). Also, within the bone marrow, B and T precursors an d myeloid leukemia must be distinguished (Huang 2005).Systemic chemotherapy is the treatment for this lymphoma is all its stages. The survival rate ultimately depends on the stage at sign diagnosis (Huang 2005). Patients with a localized infection respond well to chemotherapy, with an excellent rate of survival. Cyclophosphamide therapy has been curative for cardinal percent of children in Africa with the early stage of Burkitt Lymphoma (Brock 1996). The effect of cyclophosphamide is due to its metabolite phosphoramide mustard (Brock 1996). The metabolite is only formed in cells which have low levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase.The Phosphoramide mustard forms DNA cross links between and within DNA strands this leads to cell death (Brock 1996). However, combination chemotherapy has improved treatment results. Intensive, short-duration, alkylator-based regimens are necessary for all patients with the sporadic form (Huang 2005). In patients with AIDS, Burkitt Lymphoma is in advanced s tage at time of diganosis and tends to involve extranodal sites (Huang 2005). Furthermore, because of underlying immunodeficiency and leukopenia, these patients tolerate systemic chemotherapy very(prenominal) poorly.A patients expiration usually follows shortly after diagnosis (Huang 2005). A nine week regiment of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone was effective for early stages of the disease and a longer regimen include a combination with radiation ( bind et al. 1997). The cure rate more than exceeded ninety percent with minimal toxicity. Therefore, a lesser-intensive therapy is under evaluation as a potentially effective means to steer clear of uncalled-for toxicity for patients with early stages (Link et al. 1997).This may achieve similar cure rates obtained with prolonged treatment (Link et al. 1997). Vanderbilt medical exam Center has reported results for patients with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, which includes Burkitt Lymphoma, using a high dose and short-duration combined chemotherapy comprising cyclophosphamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, prednisone (Huang 2005). Burkitt Lymphoma patients have a high risk of tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy is started because of rapid tumor cell turnover (Huang 2005).This is a life-threatening situation and should be anticipated and addressed to the patient prior to beginning treatment (Huang 2005). sermon should be preformed at a proper facility with renal dialysis is available, predominantly for patients with progression of disease (Huang 2005). treatment of recurrent Burkitt lymphoma is difficult. Bone marrow transplantation is the only hope of long-term survival for these patients (Huang 2005). Burkitt Lymphoma is a high grade B-cell neoplasm, which is highly endemic in Central Africa and sporadic throughout other countries (Huang 2005). This disease is the fastest growing malignancy in children.A combination ch emotherapy is the most effect mode of treatment and has high cure rates within early stages, and the moderate cure rates for progressed patients (Huang 2005). References Brock N. (1996). The history of the oxazaphosphorine cytostatics. Cancer. 78542-7. Link MP, Shuster JJ, Donaldson SS, et al. (1997). Treatment of children and young adults with early-stage non-Hodgkins lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 30 October 1997 337(18) 1259-66. Huang, H, MD, PhD et al.. (2005). Burkitt Lymphoma. eMedicine. Date visited 19 April 2006. http//www. emedicine. com/med/topic256. htm